The paper aims to present automation systems in LACT units for the dynamic measurement of hydrocarbons in the oil industry, due to the importance of their instruments in the processes of custody transfer (CT) of hydrocarbons. For this, concepts about dynamic measurement in the hydrocarbon industry were developed. Subsequently, three automation systems are presented in LACT units for the dynamic measurement of gas in a two-line station, naphtha and diesel in the Pozos Colorados station, and oil in the complex of production and facilities Indillana of the Petroamazonas EP, each system contains a P&ID and the instruments for its automation and control, Emerson and Siemens brand flow meters also shown. Systematized tables were prepared from the P&ID, which show the industrial instruments and their connectivity, through SCADA, with the control instruments, as a guide to design automation systems for LACT units. The correct dynamic measurement of gas, naphtha, diesel and oil, for the CT process, by the automation systems presented, depend on the standard linearity and repeatability of the flow meter, the development of computer networks and networks communication through field buses, these last two concepts are within what is called automation 4.0.

Introduction. Some problems of teaching a second foreign language in the context of the principle of variability of Ecuadorian education in relation to the need to develop certain competencies among students, allowing them to participate in a new knowledge-based society. Objective. Identify the aspects and problems presented by the various foreign language learning groups in basic, middle and higher education. Methodology. A set of problems related to the teaching and learning of a second foreign language is discussed and ways of solving them are proposed. The support of educational game technologies and their application in foreign language lessons is part of the methodology to contribute to learning problems, the functions and the value of playful forms of teaching in the process of teaching and education in a foreign language. Particular attention is paid to the classification of learning and speaking games. Results. From the analysis of the existing classifications, the authors propose their own classification, focusing on creative and role-playing games in foreign language lessons. Conclusions. The compulsory teaching of a second foreign language will become a reasonable continuation of the integration of the individual in the world space. When using computer games, it is important to follow the rules that help preserve the health and sight of students, and also not to let a good pastime keep them from reality.

Introduction. The improvement of the teaching-learning process in Higher Education continues to be a point of constant reflection. The teaching of Statistics given its characteristics is a subject of recurrent analysis, debate and reflection. Objective. Reflect on the importance of Information and Communication Technologies, as a timely alternative for optimizing the teaching-learning process of Statistics. Methodology. The methodology used was descriptive, documentary, based on the Systematic Review of Literature and the use of theoretical methods that favored the review and analysis of the preceding documentary information. Results. 1. The high utility that the use of Information and Communication Technologies has in the teaching-learning process in Higher Education is confirmed, with particular interest in the teaching of Statistics. 2. It is evident that despite the progress made, it is still necessary to develop training alternatives aimed at teachers to improve the teaching-learning process of Statistics through Information and Communication Technologies. 3. A transformative solution for the teaching learning of Statistics can be the creation of interactive software. It is recommended that the solution proposal be established on the development of five phases: Diagnosis, Planning and Selection, Execution, Assessment and Generalization. Conclusions. The advantages of the applicability of Information and Communication Technologies in the teaching-learning process of Statistics have been substantiated; however, the necessary standards have not yet been achieved. It is necessary to implement strategies that favor the development of competencies in both teachers and students so that they can apply Information and Communication Technologies in the teaching-learning process of Statistics, as a timely alternative for the achievement of learning significant.

The accounting process within the entities has changed over time and has been modernized, thus in Ecuador initially the process was regulated by the NEC (Ecuadorian Accounting Standards), to later be replaced by the IAS (International Accounting Standards) and IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). Objectives: this work aims to identify the current accounting regulations within the accounting process. Methodology: it applies the quantitative method, bibliographic design, documentary type, cross-sectional, analytical explanatory with the objectives of the study by the cause-effect method, without the intervention of the researcher. Contribution: the theory will be related to the accounting practice, trying to establish a documentary basis for the application of the accounting process in the institutions of Ecuador.

Introduction. The pandemic due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated a global health crisis and despite the time that has elapsed there is still no drug that has been proven to prevent or cure it, especially in the most serious cases. Some researchers have proposed the use of vitamin C, for its immunoregulatory and antioxidant effect, both as a preventive measure and as an adjunctive treatment against the pandemic. Additionally, the present investigation was carried out to contribute to a current topic and in this way determine the feasibility of these effects and if there is scientific evidence that supports its use as a preventive or therapeutic adjuvant against COVID-19. Target. Evaluate the feasibility of commercializing canned and fruits assorted with vitamin C, in order to increase the immune system. Methodology. A questionnaire was applied a structured instrument with 12 closed questions of which 5 were considered due to their relevance to the research, to the sample of a population of 24 703 habitants. Results. The market research carried out for the commercialization of the product has a high acceptance in the segment determined for it, exceeding 92%, considering the product accepted in this market due to the knowledge they have of both the fruit and the currents nutritional needs. Conclusion. The adequate acceptance of the products for its commercialization was concluded due to its health benefits

Factorization of matrices are required frequently in sciences research, in order to simplify computations when solving linear or non-linear systems of equations. In particular, these systems arise in data analysis and also after modeling industrial process, playing an important role in the final solution. When the matrices involved are full rank and squared classical factorizations can be used efficiently. However, when one has to deal with rectangular and/or rank deficient matrices, extensions of these factorizations should be considered, if it is possible with the same good properties. Objective: In this work a full rank Cholesky factorization for rank deficient matrices is described, along with its use in a particular application arising in Statistics, where usually one has to solve overdetermined systems of equations via least squared method or its extensions. Methodology: We describe an algorithm to generate this factorization in an iteratively reweighed least squared method applied to maximum likelihood parameters estimation. Results: Preliminary experiments are presented over synthetic data, supporting the use of this decomposition for rectangular or rank deficient matrices arising in similar applications. Conclusions: The proposal of using the full rank Cholesky factorization in the iteratively reweighted least squared to estimate maximum likehood parameters is promising and could be used to improve CPU time in the solution of similar problems.

The paper aims to present the automation of industrial processes through Industry 4.0, to establish hierarchical levels of automation from the automation pyramid. For this, a theory about Industry 4.0 was structured in relation to the automation pyramid. Subsequently, the automation of industrial processes about beverage packaging, flow measurement, wireless network technology, total integration of levels and oil refining is presented, in each one its automation architecture is shown to perform the evaluation of its reference levels to the automation pyramid concept. In the evaluation, the field instruments, control and SCADA system were described, in relation to the automation pyramid. Subsequently, the automation of industrial processes of beverage packaging, flow measurement, wireless network technology, total integration of levels and oil refining is presented, in each one its automation architecture is shown to carry out the evaluation of its levels in reference to the concept of the automation pyramid. In the evaluation, the field instruments, control and SCADA system were described in relation to the automation pyramid. Concluding that the Industrial Ethernet communication network, due to its high capacity to transmit data between company levels, long cabling, ease of communication between controllers and ideal for local area networks (LAN), is used at Level 2, Level 3 and Level 4, while PROFIBUS, PROFINET, HART, IO-Link and AS-Interface communication networks, for their real-time data transfer between field instruments and controllers, work in explosive environments, data traffic handling , data recovery on the network, etc., is used in Level 0 and Level 1 in the automation of industrial processes.

Introduction: The pandemic has brought face-to-face classes to a completely virtual environment, which has brought distinct advantages and disadvantages for students. For this reason, students have different levels of satisfaction in the development of their classes. Since these are indicators that allow continuous improvement, we should implement frequently questionnaires to know the satisfaction status of the students. Aim: To identify the satisfaction levels of the students of the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo in English as a foreign language class in an online environment. Method: 124 students took part in the satisfaction survey with 9 questions. We ordered the options from 1 to 5 where 1 corresponded to: "very dissatisfied", 2: "dissatisfied", 3: "neither satisfied nor dissatisfied", 4: "satisfied" and 5: "very satisfied". Microsoft Form software was used to prepare the survey, and they disseminated it through Microsoft Teams. Results: In the questionnaires, there were preferences in the choice of option 4 "satisfied" which shows high levels of satisfaction in most of the students, while option 2 "dissatisfied" was the least chosen, thus identifying the low levels of student dissatisfaction. Conclusion: Satisfaction levels were high for all questions, which enhances virtual education and merges it as an educational alternative for teaching and learning English as a foreign language. 

Introduction: Cultural tourism currently represents an opportunity for the development of localities that today do not have a consolidated tourist offer but that, nevertheless, have all the potential to offer their visitors quality tourist and cultural experiences. Objective: Contribute to territorial tourism planning based on the potential of food heritage through the generation of a tourism perspective in community leaders who have not yet made use of their cultural assets, as well as key guidelines to begin a process that involves the municipality, the private sector and the community in general. Methodology: The research had a cross-sectional quantitative exploratory character whose main actors were the inhabitants of the rural area and representatives of the municipality. Results: The multiple correspondence analysis with a reliability of 93.1% in its first profile showed that the indigenous dishes of the inhabitants are beans, corn, cheese, mellocos and potatoes with guinea pig and corn chicha, however these They have not been promoted as dishes offered to tourists and as one of the constant alternatives in the food places, on the other hand it was known that the municipality does not generate an integral marketing that allows the inhabitants to possess their businesses as a primary economic line, either due to lack of support for the gastronomic area or the lack of leaders who only focus on tourism progress. Conclusions: The food heritage and cultural tourism serve as strategic axes to boost the tourist offer of the Guamote canton, on the one hand, created a workspace and on the other, offering visitors not only enjoy its natural landscapes and cultural activities but also delicious food. that is prepared in the town.

Introduction. The udder (mammary system) of the cow is the most important physical asset. A large, well attached, well cared for and quality udder is very important to generate the highest milk production over a long period of time. Target. Study the relationship of the apparent volume of the udder, versus the amount of milk produced by Holstein cows. Methodology. The present study used a type of experimental research and a longitudinal method by collecting data in a given time and to determine the changes in the variables. In the present investigation, 24 crossbred Holstein females were used, 12 second and 12 third lactation. All cows were selected taking into consideration that they did not show symptoms of mastitis and their four quarters were in full production capacity. Student's t test and correlation analysis by Pearson's method using SPSS version 21 were used for data tabulation. Results. The volume of the udder of the second calving Holstein cattle was 8068.6 cm, a value that differs significantly (P <0.0001), from the third calving cows since they registered 102497.69 cm, while the production of milk presented highly significant differences (P> 0.0001), due to the effect of the number of calvings, obtaining the highest value in third calving cows with 28.31 liters / milk / day and the lowest production was recorded in the second calving group with 24.03 liters / milk / day, so it is considered that increasing the number of deliveries presents a progressive increase in volume and milk production. Regarding the correlation between volume and milk production, they presented a high correlation of (0.69). Conclusion. Larger udders have a greater amount of secretory tissue and therefore a greater milk production.

Introduction. Government policies remain present in each of the spheres of a territory. They have the objective of providing practical solutions to the problems of the Society. However, the political ideology of the leaders can lead to a notorious change, making the policies enacted can benefit a social group and affect others. These policies are classified as regulatory, distributive, redistributive, and constitutive or institutional. Objective. Carry out an analysis of the economic policies established by the government and their impact on the financial statements of Banco del Austro in the period 2010-2014. Methodology. The research has a mixed approach, an exploratory, descriptive and correlational research is carried out. The population was made up of the directors of the Banco del Austro, and a sample of 28 people was used to apply the interview. Results. It was determined that government policies issued in the 2010-2014 period affect the financial statements, and had a negative impact, since they reduced their liquidity, going from a liquidity of 0.31 to 2014 to a liquidity of 0,28 since 2010. It can be seen that five resolutions issued by the government are classified as regulatory, two as redistributive and one is classified as distributive. Conclusions. The economic policies adopted by the government in the 2010-2014 period negatively affected the financial statements of Banco del Austro.

Introducción. Flipgrid, como herramienta para usar en clase, ha sido diseñado para ayudar a profesores y estudiantes a grabar videos y publicarlos en Internet. La investigación ha demostrado que funciona para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del inglés, ya que promueve la interacción de los estudiantes. Objetivo. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar los puntos de vista de los estudiantes sobre su mejora en el habla utilizando Flipgrid. Metodología. Fueron 65 estudiantes de pregrado, con un nivel de inglés A2, que participaron de este estudio y estaban asistiendo a clases en línea debido a la pandemia. Los estudiantes grabaron alrededor de cinco videos de forma individual durante el período académico y al final del semestre respondieron un cuestionario y tuvieron una entrevista con el instructor. Las entrevistas fueron necesarias para conocer opiniones y actitudes sobre el uso de Flipgrid como una forma innovadora de instrucción del inglés como lengua extranjera. Resultados. Los resultados demostraron que a los estudiantes les gustaba usar Flipgrid y mejoraron su confianza, motivación, vocabulario, lenguaje y pronunciación. Conclusión. El uso de Flipgrid como recurso en línea puede ser beneficioso para los estudiantes con el fin de promover las habilidades para hablar; sin embargo, existen algunas implicaciones importantes que los profesores de idiomas deben tener en cuenta durante el proceso de aprendizaje del idioma si deciden utilizar Flipgrid en las clases.

Fair trade is currently presented as a sustainable alternative for small agricultural and artisan producers in Ecuador, its importance lies in the attitude of international consumers who prefer to buy a product with a fair-trade label to a traditional product; This is based on an attitude of co-responsibility in the face of climate change and poverty in the world. This research analyzes the link to the intermediate dynamics, between the producer and the consumer. Objective: Analyze the sparsely studied space that makes the sales of products possible, establishing the link between producers and generally the citizen who consumes, Methodology: For this, an in-depth bibliographic analysis was carried out to determine the actors in the process and the different factors that affect commercial exchange, which are the mission of organizations, legal forms and types of consumers. Contribution: The visualization of the market dynamics through the types of interactions, conflicts, association dynamics and the role of the State, in the search to "create value with values".

Introduction: The valuation of ecosystem services is not new according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, it considers that ecosystem goods can be valued at 125 trillion USD, their maintenance or degradation has an impact on gains or losses of values ​​due to what is required to perform analysis and evaluations for development decision making. Punín is one of the rural parishes of the Riobamba canton, its population amounts to 5,976 people and is divided into 23 communities that are mostly recognized as indigenous, the productive economic activities are agriculture and livestock, a large part of the production is commercialized and other part is used for self-consumption. Objective: To economically estimate the ecosystem services of the productive plant resource. Methodology: An analysis of the perception of environmental services and the willingness to pay for the conservation of the plant resource was carried out through the application of 359 in 8 communities selected by the criteria of number of inhabitants and agricultural production area, the inhabitants ranked the Ecosystem services using a Likert scale, the sociodemographic variables that affect the perception of environmental services were analyzed and the economic value of the resource was estimated using the contingent method. Results: The most valued ecosystem services are provisioning services, followed by support and regulation services that classify them as very important and cultural services as important. The age variable affects the perception of supporting ecosystem services. The calculated DAP is 5,393.63 USD / year, the value of direct use of the productive plant resource was established at 4,038,539.60 USD / year and the total economic value through the contingent method amounts to 4043933.23 USD / year. Conclusions: The variable level of education significantly influences the perception of support services, possibly because this category of services is the most complex to distinguish. The TEV of the productive plant resource calculated using the contingent method can vary according to the demand for the good in the market and the main products of the parish commercialization such as vegetables and tubers present constant price fluctuations in the market

Introduction. this study was to design a fiber-optic access network to provide video and data services, test the operation of the network in the Huambaló sector. With the maps of the sector, a network was designed adapted to the standards of Optical Network with Gigabit Capacity (GPON). Methodology. Advantages and disadvantages with the current network where a map of a converging optical network with single-mode fiber was designed. Using the OptiSystem software, Results. the network was simulated with the two most critical closest and farthest user of each of the zones, testing the technical transmission parameters: attenuation, bit error rate (BER), and quality factor Q. Conclution. as a result, the values of both cases are within the ITU G.984.2 class C+

Introduction. The calculation of trigonometric integrals is a process that involves the use of some integration techniques, for this you must be clear about the procedures to follow and be very observant when choosing the appropriate integration technique Objective. We want to simplify the calculation of the notable trigonometric integral. Methodology. To understand this methodology, it is necessary to know some concepts that are around the trigonometric functions to be integrated, such as the periodicity of a function, its parity (even or odd function), and that the integrals are evaluated in the limits corresponding to the intervals of the periodicity, we will call this type of integrals notable integrals since it is not strictly necessary to evaluate them by integration processes but rather their result is deduced from the aforementioned concepts. Results. Although it is true that the aforementioned integrals can be found solved, the intention of this analysis is to show that the result of these integrals is easy to remember in communion with the concepts mentioned in a mechanical and simple way.

Introduction. The article analyzes the fundamental principles of a new approach to the organization of education, which has received the definition of “connected learning” in the methodological literature in the English language; the main advantages of the active inclusion of smartphones in education; some techniques of using the WhatsApp messenger in the classroom for English as a foreign language. Objective. Contribute to the use of Internet resources in the teaching of English for the development of listening skills. Methodology. Methodology. Special attention is paid to the aspect of improving the listening skills of students of non-linguistic faculties, through the analysis of the experience in organizing independent work for learning English as a foreign language at different levels of training. Results. he computer technologies used as part of the electronic teaching aids is available on the local network and part on the Internet. The development of virtual learning environments has optimized the task of sharing resources and evaluating them synchronously, allowing the student to access asynchronously from any physical location. Conclusions. Internet resources are an effective means of organizing educational space, maintaining social relationships, as they allow participants in the learning process to carry out joint activities, use the latest materials in various formats and also train various types of speaking activities. An authentic training can be carried out with the audio material, it is interesting, informative and meaningful, understandable, in correspondence with the modern reality of an evolving society.

Introducción. A través de un análisis previo se determinó que los estudiantes del Segundo Año de Bachillerato General Unificado “B” en la Unidad Educativa “Combatientes de Tapi”, no están cognitivamente comprometidos en el desarrollo de su desempeño en inglés, debido al inadecuado desarrollo de la metodología “THINK”. Objetivo.  Este estudio analizó como la metodología THINK ayuda a reforzar las destrezas de pensamiento y lenguaje en los estudiantes. Metodología. Este análisis fue desarrollado en el Segundo Año de Bachillerato General Unificado “B” en la Unidad Educativa Combatientes de Tapi” durante la primera parte del año lectivo 2017-2018. La población fue de 35 estudiantes; veinticinco de ellos varones y diez mujeres. El tipo de estudio fue cualitativo de nivel exploratorio y el método cualitativo empleado fue de tipo etnográfico. Se utilizó una técnica de observación no participativa ya que el investigador protagoniza un rol pasivo; el instrumento de recolección de datos fue una guía de observación. Resultados. Se determinó que en el presente año educativo, la metodología THINK ayuda a los estudiantes a desarrollar la capacidad de pensar críticamente conjuntamente con mejoras de las destrezas del lenguaje y que debe ser aplicada conforme al orden establecido, prestando gran atención a fomentar las destrezas de pensamiento y promoviendo mejoras en las técnicas del desarrollo de las destrezas de lenguaje. Conclusiones. Se concluye que el profesor raramente se aplica la metodología con alto dominio y solamente se aplican algunas de las estrategias para desarrollar el pensamiento crítico y con un orden distinto al recomendado.

Introduction. Ecuador has great mining potential that is affected by poor practice in mineral extraction causing serious damage to the environment, which is why this research topic is raised. Objective. Document the different techniques and mechanisms friendly to the environment for the recovery of gold and polymetallic in the field of small mining and artisanal mining, through the analysis of mineral extraction alternatives for its proposal and implementation in small-scale mining. Methodology. Documentary or bibliographic research will be applied that, through digital media, from documentary sources, books, scientific articles, and hemerography, information is obtained, selected, compiled, organized, interpreted and analyzed to later capture, structure and present the work done. Results. There are several extraction methods and techniques that help reduce the amount of mercury and cyanide used in the gold recovery process, classified as physical, chemical and biological, of which the most appropriate, viable and feasible are chosen and analyzed, with the least impact on the environment and human beings.

The consumption of extra and super fuels in combination with three brands of oils A, B and C, and the exhaust gas emissions in a 171cc two-stroke engine were analyzed at different proportions. First, three brands of coded oils were defined as, A (Motorex), B (Golden Bear) and C (Motul), and the extra and super fuels. Each brand of oil was mixed with the two types of gasoline, applying a mixture formula with the help of the oil manufacturer's manual and laboratory equipment to obtain exact quantities, thus obtaining six different mixtures or combinations. For fuel consumption tests, 5 samples were taken from each combination and the two-stroke engine was run at idle for 20 minutes and the consumption of each combination was determined, resulting in the C oil (Motul) whose 25: 1 ratio, generates lower fuel consumption. For the exhaust gas analysis, the free acceleration method of the INEN 2202 standard was applied, which allowed observing the coloration and opacity of the exhaust gases of each mixture, resulting in C Oil (Motul) reducing fuel consumption. and it has an average opacity of 60% if it is mixed with the extra gasoline, in turn, said opacity is reduced to 40% when the mixture is with the super gasoline. The consumption results were contrasted with the ANOVA statistical test in MINITAB obtaining a p value (1.617E-20) <α (0.05) accepting the alternative hypothesis, supported by a qualitative analysis for the gas results

Introduction. Evaluating the physical condition of resistance in university students through Test or physical tests, for the detection of sports talents, constitutes a relevant tool. Objective. Incorporate a sports talent detection system, from the approach of timely diagnosis, through University Physical Education Programs, which allow controlling and classifying physical capacities, taking into account the individual characteristics of each student. Methodology. The research followed a mixed, descriptive approach using theoretical and empirical methods. The sample consisted of 1098 students, fulfilling the inclusion criteria of studying at the Higher Polytechnic School of Chimborazo (ESPOCH) in its 7 faculties. A single test or physical test was used, which provided the necessary results for the selection of students with sports talent. Results. 1. An essential indicator for measuring the performance of physical endurance capacity is provided, facilitating knowledge regarding the number of students who may have the primary conditions to be considered possible sports talents. 2. The importance and usefulness of timely diagnosis is reaffirmed, through the use of physical tests to measure physical condition and facilitate the detection of students who constitute potential sports potentials. Conclusions. Among the aspects most evaluated in the talent selection process in terms of endurance capacity are genetic factors such as: VO2 max, heart rate, beats per minute and respiratory rate. It is shown that it is essential to consider sports selection as a process in which the largest number of practitioners must necessarily be involved, in such a way that it allows the evaluation tests to be applied to the generality, the larger the sample, the greater the number possible to be selected for the practice of a certain sport.

The particularity of the article is to offer a work guide to basketball coaches, in which they can have a reference to the role of the coach, in the training system of tactical prioritization. This is an aspect of sports training little used at the grassroots level and in general in basketball despite having more than three decades of its introduction by the Portuguese professor Víctor Frade in his beginning essentially in football. Objective. The article aims to offer a working guide, to basketball coaches, in which they can have a reference of the role of the coach, in the training system of tactical prioritization. Methodology. Assessment of the level of relevance of the. Methodological guide for the application of tactical prioritization in basketball training, through the method of criteria of specialists This method was used to assess in the qualitative order the proposed methodological guide. The phases proposed by Cruz (2008) are assumed, the first (preliminary) allows the selection of specialists and the preparation of the questionnaire. In the second (exploration), the consultation of specialists is carried out, through the application of the rounds, to obtain reliable states of opinion.   Results. An analysis of the recommendations is carried out and the improvements are determined, they are submitted to the criteria of the specialists. These determine that the changes made to the guide and its activities are pertinent (11, 84.61% of specialists evaluate it. Conclusion. The analysis and interpretation of the results, through the consultation of specialists, confirmed the relevance of the guide for coaches when assessing that the proposal is effective to be implemented, by contributing to the sports training of basketball athletes by contributing to better results from the educational and sports aspects of the same.

The variation of incident radiation in the Urbina zone (UTM x754579, y9835357; 3646 masl), located in the Altoandino paramo region of the Chimborazo province, is analyzed in order to know its dynamics and the effects of the geographical position and height with respect to at sea level, using the Chaos Theory. To control the anomalous data, the simple non-linear noise reduction method was applied; Then, a multidimensional phase reconstruction was carried out in space, determining the Lyapunov coefficients, entropy and fractal dimension of the system, allowing its dynamics and variation over time to be described. It is shown to be a chaotic (non-linear) system, by presenting more than one positive Lyapunov coefficient. In addition, the data are predicted over time and it is verified that there are no significant differences between the measured and predicted series, using the Bootstrap method.

Introduction: The presence of fecal and total coliforms in wastewater are indicators of water quality and the degree of exposure and impact of human activities on it. Objective: Apply photocatalysis processes with sunlight and the Dip - Coating method for the reduction of coliforms in wastewater. Objective: Apply photocatalysis processes with sunlight and the Dip - Coating method for the reduction of coliforms in wastewater. Methodology: The process included perpendicular immersion and subsequent extraction of the substrate at a controlled speed in a solution prepared for the formation of the Titanium Dioxide film, drainage in the same equipment, evaporation and drying known as the DIP_coating method together with the solar disinfection of the water (SODIS) that used solar energy to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause water-borne diseases, relating UV-A radiation, which had a germicidal effect, and infrared radiation, responsible for raising the temperature of the water. The combined use of UV-A radiation and heat produced a synergistic effect that increased the efficiency of the process. Four experimental units were used: two were applied by the SODIS method and the other two applied SODIS with TIO2 in the Dip-coating method. The residual water samples were placed in PET plastic bottles prepared in three solutions (10^-1, 10^-2 and 10^-3), performing the microbiological analysis_quantification of coliforms in Compact Dry EC plates incubated for 24 hours at 35 ° C. Results: A significant reduction was evidenced, especially in the 10^-3 dilution, accounting for the case of fecal coliforms in the SODIS method: 3900 MPN / 100ml and DIP-COATING: 100 MPN / 100ml; and for total coliforms in SODIS: 12500 NMP / 100ml and DIP-COATING: 1100 NMP / 100ml, at optimal treatment conditions of 180 min at 42 ° C. Conclusions: the exposed conditions and suitable climatic conditions give the maximum reduction effect by combining the two SODIS / DIP-Coating methodologies where the photocatalysis process with sunlight microbiologically improved the water quality where titanium dioxide was a low-cost semiconductor , easy accessibility, low toxicity, resistance to photo corrosion and catalytic efficiency

Introduction This study focuses on the production of an animated short film about the quinoa production process. Until now, dedicated efforts have made it possible to position quinoa as a superfood with great nutritional potential, leaving aside its cultural and historical value. Objective Therefore, the main objective of the short film is the revaluation of quinoa as an ancestral grain, which aims to motivate its cultivation and consumption from this approach. Methodology Based on the Bruce Archer methodology, which has three phases; analytical, creative, and executive. In that order, it began by collecting information about the origin and production of quinoa through observation files, interviews with experts, quinoa producers, and experts in other areas.  From this investigation, the story developed “Quinoa in the wind”. The last phase was developed, following the typical stages of short film production: pre-production, production, and post-production. Results From the story, the script and storyboard were developed, which served as a visual guide. In the second phase, the Stop Motion technique was used. At this stage, the characters and environments were designed, inspired by indigenous people and settings from the province of Chimborazo. Finally, the 2D animation software “Adobe Premiere Pro” was used for editing and retouching the short film. In addition to this, the musicalization, the selected rhythm was the “Albazo” because it is a musical genre from the Ecuadorian highlands.

Introduction. The study was carried out in the parish of San Luis, in the canton of Riobamba, province of Chimborazo, to determine the static agro-economic behavior of the sustainable production of the Kidney Tomato, a crop that is produced in the area under greenhouse to provide the crop with optimal conditions for its development, since this is an important part of the productive systems of the Area. The production of kidney tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum mill) is one of the most important worldwide, due to the high demand for this vegetable, which has greater development when grown under greenhouse. In addition, it is the vegetable with the highest fresh consumption in Ecuador, there is also a great demand to preserve this product mainly for the manufacture of pasta and sauces. Objective: To evaluate the agro-economic sustainability of the kidney tomato production systems grown under greenhouse in the parish of San Luis. Methodology: The study population were greenhouses with an extension of less than 0 to 1000m2, between 1001 and 2000 m2 and from 2001 onwards, for the collection of information we worked with 34 producers in the area and through structured surveys, interviews, and community workshops. Results: The three components of sustainability: social, ecological, and economic, are favorable in the production of kidney tomato in greenhouse in the parish of San Luis. Conclusion: The social productivity of the product is 2.34, the ecological productivity is 0.64% and the results of the economic productivity amounts to 1.21 dollars deducing that you have a sustainable economy. In addition, the financial indicators of the 3 strata are encouraging, obtaining results on the interest established for SMEs by the Central Bank in the production of areas greater than 1001 m2.

Introduction. In 1988 South American camelids were reintroduced in the Chimborazo Fauna Production Reserve, the emblematic species being the vicugna vicugna. Objective. Determine the current and potential spatial distribution of the vicuña and evaluate the contribution of the variables to establish the suitability of the habitat. Methodology. The research was non-experimental, field, evaluative level and proposes environmental, topographic and anthropic guidelines and criteria for a sustainable management of the species. At first the presences of the individuals were geo-referenced, then the layers of the variables were prepared: NDVI, NDWI, DEM, precipitation, land use, temperature and type of ecosystems and finally the Maxent software model was run and evaluated contributions. Results. 63.7% of the RPFCH has sites that are not suitable for vicuña, 26.1% are considered potential distribution areas, 10.1% occupy moderately suitable habitat and finally only 0.1% corresponds to highly suitable habitat. adequate since it meets the favorable conditions for the survival and reproduction of the species. Conclusions. The variable that most contributes to establishing the suitability of the habitat is the NDVI, this detects areas with low biomass density, but with nutritional quality of the forage. 63.7% of the RPFCh are sites that are not suitable for the species, while only 36.3% correspond to highly suitable, moderately suitable and moderately low areas, which calls for the establishment of medium and long-term measures for the management of the species.