Physical exercises, balance, and inclusion: an experience with students with hearing disabilities

Abstract

Introduction. The inclusion of students with hearing impairment in physical education classes involves improving their balance and performing adapted exercises. Objective. To design adapted physical exercises to compensate for balance problems and improve the inclusion of students with hearing impairment in physical education classes. Methodology. The study used a non-experimental mixed approach, of a sequential exploratory type, with a descriptive scope. For its development, three stages were established: diagnosis, design and validation, supported by theoretical methods, including analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive and modeling. As empirical methods, direct observation, interview and measurement were used, supported by techniques such as the observation guide, the interview guide, documentary review and the Berg balance scale. The sample was non-probabilistic, with 11 students between 7 and 9 years old with different degrees of hearing impairment being intentionally selected as the analysis unit. For the validation of the proposal, the specialist's criteria were used through a socialization workshop. Results. It was found that students with hearing impairments face significant challenges in the process of inclusion in physical education classes, especially in carrying out activities that require balance and coordination. Previous studies and opinions of the consulted specialists highlight the value of adapted exercises in diverse environments (water, unstable surfaces and solid ground), indicating that they can be effective in improving balance, a critical aspect for their active inclusion in classes. Conclusions. Adapted physical exercises contribute to improving the balance of students with hearing impairments, being highly important to stimulate their process of inclusion in physical education classes and to promote an equitable, respectful and inclusive educational environment. General Field of Study: Education. Specific Field of Study: Inclusive Physical Education. Type of Study: Original Research Article.