Introduction: This research is aimed at the study of the lack of specialized personnel in the Gender Unit of the State Attorney General's Office (FGE), based in the city of Cuenca, province of Azuay; these professional personnel are at the disposal of FGE, to carry out the investigative work required in the different crimes that may arise.  who are members of the Comprehensive Specialized System of Investigation, Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, determined in Articles 448, 449 and 450 of the Organic Comprehensive Criminal Code (COIP), better known as experts and/or auxiliaries of justice, are mentioned as such, because they are experts in the subject that is required, to investigate, resolve and expose facts in a scientific manner,  ratifying or disproving facts that are or are not attached to the reality of an alleged crime. Objectives: To determine whether the financial resources allocated to the Specialized Unit for Gender Violence in the city of Cuenca are sufficient to conduct an adequate investigation. Methodology: In this research article, a didactic method was used, as well as a statistical method, to know what was proposed within the general objective and the specific objectives in the preliminary project. Results: The results obtained from the investigation reflect a negativity since not even a quarter of what enters the Gender Violence Unit of the canton of Cuenca are resolved, since due to the procedural burden it is not possible to move forward with most cases, remaining in impunity. Conclusions: the lack of this specialized personnel that makes the Gender Unit of FGE of the city of Cuenca, is due to the workload that it maintains, resulting in insufficient specialized personnel that the Provincial Prosecutor's Office of Azuay has, since they are available to all the Units or Prosecutor's Offices of the city and the province.  In this way, the principle of speed and due process is clearly violated since many cases go unpunished due to a lack of speed and efficiency in the justice system. General Area of Study: Law. Specific area of study: Procedural Law.

Introduction: The article analyzes the vulnerability of selected critical infrastructure on the Ecuadorian coast to extreme climatic events, such as El Niño, by reviewing information on events that occurred in the areas, reviewing hydrological processes in the basins and state of the infrastructures with the purpose of proposing preventive measures that contribute to mitigating the impact of these events. Consequently, the Daule Peripa Dam, Guayaquil Airport, IESS Hospital of Milagro and Deep-Water Port of Posorja are examined. Objective: Analyze the existing vulnerability of critical infrastructures (Daule Peripa Dam, Guayaquil Airport, IESS Hospital of Milagro and Deep-Water Port of Posorja) to extreme climate events such as the El Niño phenomenon, through the review of previous studies and identification of technical considerations of these infrastructures that may influence their vulnerability in order to propose mitigation measures. Method: It consists of the review and analysis of data and information of events that occurred over time, to determine the existing vulnerability of these infrastructures. In addition, we are working with an intentional sample of four buildings that are: IESS Hospital in Milagro, Daule Peripa Dam, Guayaquil Airport and Posorja Deep Water Port. Being a small sample, sampling bias is reduced since each element can be analyzed with greater detail and precision. The study is longitudinal and descriptive, analyzing the importance of infrastructure, vulnerability factors, flood intensity and economic losses. Results: When analyzing critical infrastructures, it is essential to analyze their importance and capacity to recover from extreme events. Also, extreme events, such as El Niño floods, pose significant challenges for risk management and critical infrastructure planning. On the other hand, the interdependencies, and interconnections with the dynamics of the cities in which they are located are of vital importance to quantify the effects at an economic and social level. Conclusions: It is essential to invest in the adequate maintenance of critical infrastructure to guarantee its safety and sustainability in the face of the challenges of climate change. On the other hand, the study highlights the importance of understanding and addressing the risks associated with extreme climate events, such as flooding, in infrastructure such as the Daule-Peripa dam and the IESS de Milagro Hospital. Additionally, the need to implement advanced technologies, such as the RTIM system, to monitor and mitigate risks in dams is highlighted. In the case of airports, proper drainage management is crucial to ensure their safe and efficient operation, as demonstrated in studies using hydrodynamic models such as “MIKE FLOOD”.

Introduction: Hypovolemic shock represents a critical medical condition characterized by an acute reduction of circulating blood volume, which can lead to the death of the patient, if it is not addressed quickly in terms of stabilization; in cases of hypovolemic shock in pediatric and obese patients, obtaining vascular access can be complicated, for which the intraosseous route emerges as an effective alternative to administer emergency fluids.  compensating for the losses suffered by the patient. Through this intraosseous access, fluids and drugs can be efficiently administered due to the network of capillaries present in the bone marrow. This has proven to be a safe and reliable route in emergency situations. The purpose of this literature review is to gather up-to-date information on the use and application of the intraosseous route as an alternative to intravenous access in cases of hypovolemic shock when the intravenous route cannot be established in a timely and safe manner. Objective: This bibliographic work aims to explore the use, limitations and possible complications of the intraosseous route in the administration of fluids to canine patients in emergency situations, providing an updated synthesis of the available scientific evidence. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach and is classified as documentary and literature review. Results: There is evidence to support the efficacy and safety of the intraosseous route in dogs with hypovolemic shock. However, it is crucial to consider the anatomical location, technique, and time required to achieve successful catheter placement. Likewise, possible complications and contraindications should be considered when applying this technique. Conclusion: The intraosseous route is presented as a valuable tool in the management of veterinary emergencies in dogs. However, it is essential to highlight the importance of assessing the patient's specific conditions and clinical circumstances when making decisions regarding its application. Study area: Veterinary Medicine.

Introduction: Propofol is a fast-acting, short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent used in human and veterinary medicine to induce and maintain general anesthesia. Because of its poor water solubility, it is formulated with a water-in-oil emulsion containing 10% soybean oil and 1.2% egg lecithin. This emulsion is isotonic, non-irritating and has a neutral pH. Due to its liposolubility and the absence of antimicrobial agents in its composition, propofol is prone to microbial contamination. This risk can arise during the stages of handling, storage and administration of the drug. According to Cuevas, Mancillas, & Muñoz (2019) indicates that Propofol contamination usually originates from external sources. The use in infusions in several patients (multidose) and error during handling can favor bacterial growth. In the field of veterinary medicine, information about the risks of Propofol contamination under high ambient temperature conditions is limited. Previous research has linked propofol contamination to various factors, such as handling and reuse of the anesthetic. How ambient temperature influences microbial growth in propofol is not yet fully elucidated.  Objective: To verify whether or not there is contamination in propofol placed in syringes exposed to different ambient temperatures. With this, to improve the management of propofol in syringes. Methodology: For the development of this work, experimental research was used by means of a transversal and quasi-experimental study because relevant data will be taken according to the degree of temperature in the different areas of the Veterinary Clinic. Two brands of propofol were used and 15 samples of each one were taken, having 30 total samples for the study, which were divided into three trials placed in three different spaces within the clinic with their respective hygrometer to record the minimum and maximum temperature to which the propofol samples were subjected during 10 days, After this, the samples were sent to the microbiological laboratory SEIDLA located in the city of Quito, where an aerobic count was performed to determine whether or not there is contamination of propofol due to the effect of the ambient temperature. Results: The average of the highest temperatures recorded is 29.79 °C, belonging to the samples from space 3, and the lowest temperature recorded is 25.72 °C, corresponding to the samples from space 1. In general, some variability is observed in the temperatures recorded among the different samples and spaces. However, the reports sent by the SEIDLA laboratory indicate results of <10UFC in all the samples sent. Conclusions: According to the results issued by the laboratory we can conclude that the samples used in the test were not contaminated by the influence of the ambient temperature inside the clinic. Area of study: Veterinary medicine

Introduction. Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) block is a technique that has been shown to be effective in providing analgesia of the abdominal wall and parietal peritoneum and has been used as part of a multimodal analgesia protocol in several surgical procedures with moderate/high pain, such as oophorectomy, ovariohysterectomy and canine mastectomy. Postoperative pain management is essential in care for both humans and animals, maintaining adequate levels of analgesia leads to numerous benefits, such as faster recovery and improved quality of recovery processes. Objective. To evaluate the analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided abdominal wall nerve block (TAP) in mixed-breed bitches undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OHV). Methodology. In the present study the analgesic efficacy of the transverse abdominal block (TAP) was evaluated in a sample of 20 patients randomly assigned to two groups (n=10). The groups consisted of a control group that did not receive the TAP block and only transoperative analgesia (T2) and the TAP block group (T2) that received bupivacaine (0.2ml/kg point at 0.25%), a bilateral approach was performed, corresponding to four points received by each patient. This study was carried out in the veterinary clinic "Anubis" in the city of Machala. Province of El Oro, during the period July-August 2023. Once the surgery was finished and 1 hour after extubation the patient proceeded to measure the pain based on the Glasgow scale. Results. There were significant differences between the two groups (p=0.01) 12 hours after surgery. None of the patients of the two treatments required analgesic rescue. However, the performance of the TAP block showed better pain control compared to common analgesics. Conclusion. Comparison between the group receiving TAP block and the control group without block revealed a significant difference in the levels of pain experienced. Specifically, the group undergoing TAP block exhibited a lower degree of pain, suggesting that this technique has a positive impact on postoperative pain management in this setting.

Introduction: soy is the most abundant and valuable source of vegetable proteins, since in addition to being of high quality, it has an adequate content of essential amino acids that represent important health benefits. Lentils provide essential nutrients and vitamins for the body and are of great relevance for health due to their energy value. Quinoa is a superfood that must be revalued; Ecuadorians must be motivated to consume it more. Objectives: based on this background, it is proposed to sensory and nutritionally evaluate a delicacy made from cow's milk and vegan soy, quinoa and lentil drinks, for which different delicacy formulations were evaluated, using a completely randomized block design to determine the treatment with the greatest sensory acceptance, it was analyzed bromatologically and microbiologically. Methodology: The type of research was experimental with an exploratory level of knowledge, applying a completely randomized block design. Results: the best sensorially evaluated treatment was treatment T2 made with 30% soy; 15% lentil and 15% quinoa, since it obtained greater acceptance in each of its evaluated variables: color, smell, flavor and texture. Conclusions: according to the analyzes carried out, it presented 6.80% protein, 267.51 Kcal/100 mL of energy, the fat content was 3.55% and carbohydrates 55.14%. Based on the microbiological results, which showed absence (< 10 CFU/g) of mesophilic aerobes, total coliforms, fungi and yeasts, it is estimated that its useful life is at least 30 days. General study area: Industry and Production. Specific study area: Agroindustry. Study type: Original.

In the construction industry, safety is a constant challenge due to a lack of coordination between workers and supervisors, as well as inadequate use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Construction workers in buildings face a significantly higher risk of fatal and non-fatal injuries compared to other industries. Falls from height are a leading cause of injuries and fatalities due to negligence and lack of PPE. Globally, the construction industry has high accident rates, accounting for 3.3% of accidents in 2018 (Méndez Pérez, 2019). To address this issue, the descriptive research includes literature review and an observational study in three building projects in the city. William Fine's Risk Matrix will be applied to evaluate the probability, exposure and consequences of accidents due to incorrect use of PPE. The results obtained showed the levels of risk to which the workers are exposed and were complemented with information that they themselves provided about the working environments and conditions in each building. It was possible to conclude that a large percentage of accidents can be avoided with the correct use of PPE; however, there must be a commitment on the part of employees and employers to constant training, creating a personal and collective safety awareness that allows reducing the levels of risk and vulnerability to an accident. The use of safety equipment must be permanent in order to comply with the country's current regulations.

Introduction: Natural light plays a crucial role in health and quality of life, influencing circadian rhythm, sleep quality, and mental well-being. Its exposure is linked to overall well-being, contributing to a positive mood and higher energy levels. Integrating natural light into living environments is essential to promote a healthy and balanced life for the residents of the city of Cuenca. Objective: This research aims to develop strategies for harnessing natural light in attached housing units within middle-to-lower-class urban developments (VIP) in the city of Cuenca, Ecuador. Methodology: A comprehensive literature review on the optimization of natural light was conducted, followed by the collection of housing data in Cuenca through surveys. A detailed analysis of this data was carried out to develop specific strategies. Subsequently, a representative housing prototype was created based on the obtained results. The suggested strategies were implemented and evaluated in this prototype, followed by the formulation of conclusions and recommendations derived from the research. Results: After the measurements were taken, it was determined that the point with the greatest lighting deficit is the central part of the ground floor of attached houses. The implementation of windows with light shelves and light tubes maximizes the entry of natural light, promoting healthier and energy-efficient living environments in the city of Cuenca. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the proposed strategies for harnessing natural light in attached houses in the city of Cuenca demonstrate their effectiveness. They not only contribute to the energy efficiency of homes but also respond efficiently to the specific challenges presented.

The current study investigated the impact and potential of Water The present study investigates the environmental impact and potential application of Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipes) in the Baba reservoir, Ecuador, addressing its negative effects on biodiversity and water resources and proposing its reuse in the construction industry. A multidisciplinary approach is employed to develop sustainable management methods, including physical removal, chemical, and biological control. The study focuses on transforming Water Hyacinth into a useful resource, exploring its use in the production of sustainable building blocks by comparing its properties with traditional materials. The experimental methodology includes the extraction, drying, and crushing of the plant fiber from Water Hyacinth, followed by its integration into handmade building blocks. An innovative solution is proposed to mitigate negative environmental impacts of Water Hyacinth, promoting sustainability and ecosystem conservation, while offering an ecological alternative in the construction industry.

Introduction: The research addresses the contractual and labor situation of Ecuadorian teachers, highlighting the challenging conditions they face, especially in remote geographic areas. It focuses on an educational institution located in a parish with a Kichwa and mestizo cultural identity, where the students' parents belong to indigenous communities. Teachers face the challenge of continuing to teach despite adversities, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Objectives: The objective of this research study is to analyze the work of teachers in a state educational unit in Ecuador, under the supervision of the country's Ministry of Education. The focus is occupational health and safety, using the FANTASTICO questionnaire. The independent variable is the teaching job, and the general objective is to identify the occupational risks and hazards faced by teachers in Ecuadorian educational units. In addition, the specific objective is to compare two methods of information collection to contrast their results and provide a clear and accurate account of the work situation of Ecuadorian teachers, especially in rural and hard-to-reach areas. Methodology: The approach of this research is quantitative and descriptive, cross-sectional, and non-experimental. The population studied consists of the teaching staff of the Juan José Flores Educational Unit, located in the Sigchos canton, Chugchilán parish, province of Cotopaxi, Ecuador. The variables "Occupational Health Risk" (dependent) and "Educational Work" (independent) were analyzed using the method of statistical analysis of data obtained from the Fantástico questionnaire applied to teachers. Results: The "Fantastic" tool reveals high levels of work stress among teachers, exacerbated by workload and pressure to meet academic standards in remote areas. This situation increases teachers' susceptibility to Burnout Syndrome and Fallen Building Syndrome, highlighting the urgent need for preventive and quality of life improvement measures in educational institutions. Conclusions: The lack of an Occupational Health and Safety Department in the Ministry of Education of Ecuador has generated a generalized lack of knowledge of current legislation among teachers. The Organic Law of Public Service highlights the importance of the emotional health of public employees, including teachers, but the lack of specific structures in the Ministry of Education creates limitations to guarantee adequate working conditions.

Introduction:  In social progress and efforts to promote gender equality, inequalities persist, especially in technical areas, where female participation is scarce or non-existent. Objective:  To promote equality for all people through inclusion to contribute to the construction of a more equitable, innovative, and just society. Methodology:  Statistical analysis methods, QQPlot and T-Student. Results:  Indicate that there are a greater number of men in technical high schools. Conclusion:  Strategies should be implemented to guarantee equality of competencies in these professional figures.