Introduction: the analysis of the discourse of the electoral campaign proposals presented in the work plans of the finalist candidates for the presidency in the 2021 elections, focused on the issue of internal security and the prison in Ecuador, scenario of riots, massacres, violence, and murders of people deprived of liberty as prison guides. Objectives: a) Define the elements of political discourse in the government plans of the finalist candidates Guillermo Lasso and Andrés Arauz. b) Analyze the discourse of the presidential candidates on the issue of internal security in the country's prisons. Methodology: the study is of a qualitative-quantitative nature, where a compilation of studies on the country's prison situation and the candidates' government plans is made, supported by communication theories focused on discourse analysis and techniques such as interviews with experts on the subject. Results: the programmatic plans of the campaign have linguistic resources of the political discourse that structure technical or not extremely attractive proposals for the voter, which contributes to the fact that their offers tend to be divergent towards the problem of security. Conclusions: the candidate Andrés Arauz lacked the didactic component in his political discourse focused on a historical knowledge of the prison reality in the country. Guillermo Lasso demonstrated an efficient and well-founded linguistic organization, use of appropriate language resources as a macro-social intentionality, concepts related to security, in a persuasive and pondered tone.

Currently, work injuries and accidents in construction, caused by excessive loads, repetitive movements and forced postures, continue to increase in the city of Cuenca. These accidents and injuries affect the quality of life of each worker, mainly their physical condition. and subsequent to their economic status. Various types of construction are carried out daily in the city of Cuenca; highlighting for the purposes of this article, the works of single-family houses and buildings subject to the horizontal property regime intended for multi-family. The main objective of this research is to determine the impact of ergonomic risks on the quality of life of workers as a result of the lack of risk forecasting, with the aim of identifying the recurrent work postures that give rise to this impact and the most affected body areas. Methodologically, it corresponds to a basic sectional study, with descriptive depth. The results showed a high percentage of incidence of lumbar back discomfort or pain, which leads to the conclusion that repetitive forced static or dynamic postures in each activity carried out in work X mainly affect this area.

Digital transformation is a key element for the development of the tourism sector. The study of research that addresses the topic deserves all the attention for the correct development of future research and thus dedicate greater attention to the less prominent subsectors in this type of studies. The general objective of this research is to diagnose the registered scientific production on digital transformation in the tourism field based on a bibliometric analysis. Techniques, tools and programs supported by mathematics and statistics such as Microsoft Excel, VOSviewer and SPSS were used in order to evaluate scientific productivity and for the results to contribute to decision making or use as a search tool for other research. The diagnosis managed to identify that the research tendency of the authors is to address the digital transformation in tourism in a general way, that the least prominent tourism subsector is referring to travel agencies, the year, the country and the universities with the greatest scientific production, the most cited research and researcher with the greatest scientific impact based on their h-index (Gretzel Ulrike), as well as the databases most linked to the publications.

In the province of Azuay, most builders do not have a culture of generating processes for project management, which causes delays and losses in the execution of projects. For this reason, we intend to analyze this problem that exists in the province of Azuay, where 68.75% of the civil engineers surveyed consider that generating processes is important to manage projects, but only 9.38% have implemented them for their construction projects. Based on these data, a review of the different bibliographic sources is conducted in relation to the guidelines and techniques of the project management process currently in use. After the review of the bibliographic sources, two surveys are made to civil engineering professionals in relation to the way they manage their projects, an analysis of the information obtained with the bibliographic review and the survey to professionals is executed. Finally, it is suggested that there is ignorance of good practices, tools, and techniques for project management since this type of knowledge is not valued in university classrooms and in many cases during professional practice. For this reason, a process guide is created for the construction and site environment, to improve the management of hydro-sanitary projects in the Province of Azuay.

Introduction:  The research focuses on gated communities in Cuenca, Ecuador, which have emerged in response to the growth of Latin American cities and the quest for security and exclusivity. It explores the implications of this model, such as urban fragmentation and social segregation. Objective:  To assess gated communities in Cuenca to propose urban-architectural design strategies that contribute to more sustainable and equitable development, replacing the traditional model. Methodology The study employs a qualitative and interdisciplinary approach, based on a comprehensive literature review and descriptive and correlational analysis. A synthetic-deductive matrix integrating United Nations urban guidelines is used to evaluate the livability and sustainability of these communities. Results: Significant differences were identified in the social perception between residents within the gated community ("The Insiders") and those outside it ("The Outsiders"). Internal residents value security and exclusivity, whereas external one’s experience disconnection and an increase in crime due to spatial segregation. Conclusion: Gated communities in Cuenca reflect challenges like those observed in other regions, such as social and spatial segregation. Sustainable policies are needed that better integrate these communities with the urban fabric of the city, ensuring higher quality of life and cohesive, sustainable urban development. General area of study: Architecture. Specific area of study: Urban Planning

Introduction: The research focuses on evaluating the seismic vulnerability of light wood buildings in the historic center of Riobamba. This task is crucial given the heritage importance of these structures and the need to understand their response to seismic events to implement appropriate protection measures. Objectives: The main goal is to create a comprehensive database to estimate the probability of damage to these buildings against seismic forces. This will serve as a basis for implementing protection and structural reinforcement strategies at the urban level, thus preserving historical structures, and ensuring the safety of inhabitants against future seismic events. This research will also contribute to the development of public policies aimed at managing seismic risk in historical urban areas. Methodology: Using a comprehensive methodological approach, buildings are classified according to their construction system, based on the framework of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and on heritage records from the National Institute of Cultural Heritage (INPC). These documents provide crucial information such as year of construction, conservation status, and materials used. Based on this classification, vulnerability levels are assigned considering factors such as year of construction and conservation status. Specific capacity and fragility curves are developed for each building typology, allowing for the estimation of the probability of damage from a seismic event and anticipating damage states, from mild to complete. Results: Structures with W1-PRE typology, despite being constructed in wood, were found to have moderate probability of damage, especially due to their design as lightweight frames and their limitation to one or two stories. This characteristic makes them more susceptible to seismic forces and other types of stresses. Conclusions: Through literature review, the importance of safeguarding heritage buildings was understood due to the cultural and historical significance they carry. It was identified that one way to protect heritage buildings in the historical center of Riobamba is through the application of probabilistic methods to understand the behavior of structures during seismic events and to estimate the probabilities of damage to the studied buildings. General Study Area: Seismic Engineering. Specific Study Area: Seismic Vulnerability. Study Type: Original, Literature Review.

Introduction: apparently, the trend of feeding dogs’ raw food began in 1990, when an Australian veterinarian published a book describing the benefits of this type of diet for dogs. The term "BARF" is an acronym for Biologically Appropriate Raw Food or Bones and Raw Food and is now known worldwide. Although there are other theories and concepts that are much less known about the so-called "correct raw diet" such as the Prey Model or the Ultimate Diet, in general, the term BARF is the one used to designate raw food-based diets. The approach of BARF diets is based on adapting the predator-prey model to domestic dogs through a diet that consists mainly of raw meat along with a large proportion of "fleshy bones" and organ meats. Also included in this diet is a small proportion of fruits, vegetables, nuts, plants, oils, eggs, and dairy. Cereals are generally not recommended, although other carbohydrate sources such as potatoes and legumes are sometimes used. Although "artificial ingredients" (such as vitamin or mineral supplements) are excluded, there are a variety of supplements on the market especially aimed at animals on a BARF diet. The most important reason an owner chooses a BARF diet for their pet is wanting to follow "a more natural and healthy diet." The owner of an animal with a chronic disease (skin disorders, gastrointestinal disorders or an allergy) may also expect improvement with this type of diet. Commercial foods are sometimes criticized, as their detractors believe that they contain "residues and chemicals" or that they are responsible for various diseases. These opinions create insecurity in the owner, and therefore, the search for other options that he considers "healthier". Objective: To identify the importance of the advantages and disadvantages of the Barf diet in dogs. Methodology: The research was a literature review. The search, selection and compilation in the PubMed, SciELO and Redalyc databases was carried out by means of keywords present and connectors in each of the databases, it began with a general search of several cases and clinical studies on the Barf Diet in dogs. Results: first, it should be clarified that there is no scientific study on the long-term effect of raw feeding. Therefore, its advantages and disadvantages can only be deduced from knowledge of food science and the physiology of nutrition.    Conclusions: it is necessary to have some knowledge of nutrition to ensure that the dog obtains a complete and balanced food, so it is important that this type of diet is prepared and guided by the Veterinary Medical professional. General area of study: Veterinary Medicine. Specific area of study: Veterinary Medicine. Type of study:  literature review article.

Introduction: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is one of the most common skin diseases. Its development is associated with the production of IgE-specific antibodies, most commonly directed against environmental and food-based allergens. Objectives: The objective is to establish the most common allergens in dogs clinically diagnosed with atopic dermatitis using the allergy test called Prick Test, it is a useful tool in the diagnosis of a mediated allergy by detecting the triggering allergen. Methodology: The study was carried out in the period August - November at the Zoodoc Veterinary clinic; Metropolis Veterinary; and patients referred from other clinics in the Metropolitan District of Quito, in a population of 20 dogs, data on the clinical history was collected, including the symptoms observed, the duration of the disease and possible triggering factors. 18 allergens were placed on the flank of the depilated patient in the same order for all patients with the positive (histamine) and negative (diluent) controls to observe the reaction. Interpreting the tests after 15 to 20 minutes of application, defining a positive result as a wheal ≥3 mm in diameter. The statistical analysis consisted of determining the frequencies of each allergen for all patients. Results: reflects the distribution of cases in each canine and its proportionality with respect to each allergen. Of the 100% of canines, it was possible to observe 35% that had a response to Insects (30% Pulex irritans (Flea) and 5% Blattodea spp (Cockroach)); 25% of dogs that responded to Mites (Dermatofagoides pteronnysinuy); 20% that responded to Plant Pollen (Grass (Cynodon dactylun)); 20% to Fungi (5% to Food Mold (Mucor spp.), 5% Aspergillius Fuimigatus, 5% Candida spp. and 5% Damp Mold (Hormodendron spp)) and with 5% equivalent to the response of Inhalants (Cat's Wool). Regarding Food, no dog presented a response. Conclusion: All allergens belonging to the groups of insects, mites, fungi and pollens caused reactions in the dogs studied. No relationship was observed between the age of the patients and the allergens tested. General Study Area: Veterinary Medicine. Specific area of ​​study: Canine dermatology. Study type: original.

Talking about participatory budgeting (PP) is the beginning of citizen participation within public management processes; Porto Alegre is the pioneer city of the implementation of this mechanism which achieved a real and effective impact on the management problems that were identified in this place. Over time, Porto Alegre became the model to follow for different cities not only in Brazil, but also in the administrations and local governments of the South American continent to name a few; Mexico, Argentina, Uruguay, Colombia, Ecuador, Guatemala, El Salvador, Peru, etc. Currently, citizen assemblies are held in different areas of the country, in which the lack of participation of the essential element “citizenship” in the prioritization of participatory budgets has been identified, unfortunately allowing low levels of compliance with institutional planning. Therefore, the need to propose a methodological guide for sustainable rural development is identified where citizen participation and budget execution are an input to legitimize institutions and their projects. As a result of this research, an attempt is made to obtain a methodology that contributes to improving citizen participation in the adequate execution of participatory budgets in their localities, through making accurate and effective decisions about their needs, with the objective of having an adequate methodology. easy to apply in the territories.