Since femicide is a crime doctrinally classified as special, it is constituted by specific conditions, which must necessarily be met by the perpetrator of the crime now of its consummation. However, when there is participation of several active subjects in the illegal act, now of verifying the actions for the determination of authorship or complicity, there is a lack of configuration of specific conditions and thus confusion to determine the appropriate criminal type. In this context, in this article a doctrinal and legal analysis of the criminal definition of femicide and criminal participation was conducted with the objective of determining what degrees of participation exist in femicide and consequently what conducts are susceptible to a different appreciation. The research was conducted through a qualitative approach, hand in hand with legal-historical, legal-descriptive, and legal-propositive research methods. The results demonstrated that according to the wording of the Organic Integral Penal Code with respect to participation, in harmony with the theory of dominion of the act, all degrees of participation exist in femicide except for that referred to in article 42, paragraph 2, letter d. From this, it was possible to conclude that the determining element for the solution of problems of participation in femicide is the study of the subjective and objective elements that make up the theory. General study area: Law. Specific study area: Criminal.

Introduction. Mathematical logical reasoning is the process of using logical principles to reach valid conclusions and solve mathematical problems. It is crucial for developing critical thinking and critical thinking skills. It has diverse applications in fields such as computer science, education, and cryptography. Teaching mathematical logical reasoning to college students can be challenging as educators can help students develop a deeper understanding of mathematical logical reasoning and apply it to various contexts. Objective. To facilitate the understanding of mathematical logical reasoning learning for college students. Methodology. It includes a comprehensive review of the existing literature on the subject, as well as an analysis of current teaching methods and their effectiveness. It focuses on assessing the needs of each student and adapting teaching to their specific learning styles and abilities. By mastering basic concepts, students will be better prepared to tackle more complex topics in mathematical logic and reasoning. Finally, by providing students with a solid foundation in propositional logic, educators can help them develop the critical thinking skills needed to succeed in higher education and beyond. Results. The following results have been presented: 1. Teaching mathematical logical reasoning through problem solving. 2.Use of technology in teaching mathematical logical reasoning. Active learning strategies for teaching mathematical logical reasoning. 4. 4. Integration of real-world applications in the teaching of mathematical logical reasoning. 5. Development of critical thinking skills through mathematical logical reasoning. 6. Helping students with difficulties in mathematical logical reasoning. 7. Evaluation of mathematical logical reasoning abilities. Conclusion. Teaching mathematical logical reasoning to college students is a crucial aspect of their academic and professional development, also, teaching mathematical logical reasoning through problem solving, use of technology, active learning strategies, integration of real-world applications, and development of critical thinking skills can improve students' understanding of mathematical logical reasoning. General area of study: Mathematics. Specific Area of Study: Mathematical Logical Reasoning.

Introducción. Los Centros de Educación Inicial en Ecuador juegan un papel crucial en la provisión de educación de calidad a niños de 0 a 5 años, ofreciendo una gama de servicios, incluyendo atención a la primera infancia, educación y nutrición, para asegurar el desarrollo integral de los niños. La gestión eficaz de las escuelas es crucial para el éxito de su funcionamiento, e implica la coordinación e integración de diversos aspectos del centro, como el desarrollo curricular, la formación del profesorado, el asesoramiento y la evaluación. Algunos de los retos son la pobreza, la desnutrición, el acceso limitado a los recursos y las infraestructuras inadecuadas. Sin embargo, la educación impartida en los Centros de Educación Inicial de Ecuador garantiza que todos los niños tengan acceso a una educación de calidad, independientemente de su origen socioeconómico. Objetivo. Estudiar el impacto de la gestión escolar en los centros de educación infantil en Ecuador. Metodología. La metodología para llevar a cabo una investigación de revisión de la literatura implica analizar, sintetizar y evaluar críticamente la literatura existente sobre la gestión escolar en las escuelas. A continuación, proporciono una estructura básica para describir la metodología de un estudio de revisión bibliográfica: a. Definir el alcance y los objetivos. b. Selección de bases de datos y fuentes de información. c. Criterios de inclusión y exclusión. d. Estrategia de búsqueda, selección y extracción de datos. e. Análisis y síntesis de datos. f. Presentación de resultados. g. Conclusiones y recomendaciones. h. Bibliografía. Resultados. Se presentan los siguientes resultados: 1. Liderazgo y visión en la gestión escolar, 2. Desarrollo e implementación curricular. 3. Dotación de personal y desarrollo profesional. 4. Valoración y evaluación del alumnado. 5. Participación de los padres y la comunidad. 6. Presupuestos y gestión de recursos. 6. Integración de la tecnología en la gestión escolar. 7. Aspectos legales y éticos de la gestión escolar. Conclusión. La gestión escolar eficaz es crucial para el éxito de los centros de educación infantil en Ecuador. Las personas que dirigen estas instituciones deben desarrollar una visión clara, establecer metas y objetivos y fomentar una cultura escolar positiva. Para lo cual es necesario que existan recursos como el plan de estudios, la dotación de personal y el desarrollo profesional, la evaluación y valoración de los estudiantes, la participación de los padres y la comunidad, el presupuesto y la gestión de recursos, la integración de la tecnología y las cuestiones legales y éticas son aspectos importantes de la gestión escolar que deben abordarse. Área de estudio general: Educación. Área de estudio específica: Gestión escolar.

The philosophy of forestry engineering should not be solely focused on planning and executing forestry exploitation systems, but rather give emphasis as an alternative to environmental conservation to research into the extraction of essential oils that are useful in the industry. medicine, phytotherapy, perfumery, etc. Objectives: The objective of this research was to obtain essential oils from the forest species of Eucalyptus, Molle, edematous shrub species such as Rosemary and Cedrón, the determination of their composition. Using the steam extraction oil extraction technique, the following Results: The yield of Eucalyptus was 12%; Molle 7%; Kidron 2%; Rosemary 0.60%; Using the fine chromatography technique, it was determined that Eucalyptus has 0.39% Cineol; 0.50% Pinene, 0.65% Terpineol; Molle presents 0.23% Terpineol, 0.38% Phelandrene, 0.50% Methyl Pentanol; Rosemary presents 0.45% Pinene, 0.60% Cineol, 0.70% Bromeol, 0.82% Camphor; El Cedrón presents 0.48% Citral, 0.55% Berona. Conclusions: Essential oils are volatile phenolic and aromatic compounds, they have different degrees of refraction, specific weight, concentration, and purity, they are made up of organic molecules, presenting a different structure and special arrangement.

Introduction. Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause diverse types of respiratory illnesses. At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus was identified and declared a pandemic on March 11, 2020. There is the development of diabetes in patients with SARS-CoV-2, so it is possible that it could cause alterations in glucose metabolism leading to the development of diabetes mellitus. Objective. To conduct a bibliographic review of the treatments applied in patients infected with Covid-19 and who have type 2 diabetes mellitus as their underlying pathology. Methodology. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Springer, Elsevier were used and included articles in Spanish and English published within the period from 2019 to 2023. Results. All the articles analyzed describe the use of metformin, insulin, and corticosteroids as the mainstay of treatment, accompanied by patient education and communication between health personnel and the patient. Conclusion. Treatment is based on the patient's usual medication, but with slight adjustments depending on glucose control. Different treatments have also been described such as incretins, ACE inhibitors, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine and SGLT2 inhibitors among others that have acted in diverse ways to control this pathology.

Introduction. Effective communication of this reality is essential, based on a general review of the regulations that support combat actions regarding this issue, but also its weaknesses in terms of sanctions and knowledge of the procedures to follow. Objective. This academic work analyzes the illicit trafficking of cultural property in Ecuador, to make the problem visible from the legal field. Methodology. In this context, the qualitative approach has been used based on the use of the bibliographic review technique regarding the topic of national legislation. Likewise, it includes the interview directed at an INPC official and an official at the National Investigation Unit for Crimes Against the Right to Culture (Unidcul), Specialized Unit for Investigations of Crimes Against Cultural Heritage UEIDCPC. Results. The main findings reveal that national legislation still presents gaps related to concepts such as flagrancy and in terms of coordination between entities to streamline sanction procedures. Conclusion. It is concluded that, despite the efforts made at the national and international level in this matter, the illicit trafficking of cultural property continues to be a significant activity conducted by organized criminal groups. This is a problem that must not only be addressed through citizen awareness campaigns about the value of preserving cultural property, but also through the strengthening of national legislation, among other measures.

Introduction. Informality in electronic commerce is a challenge, but it also represents an opportunity to drive positive changes that will benefit society. Objective. Identify the causes of informal trade and its impact on tax evasion and avoidance. Methodology. The research design was based on the positivist research paradigm, type of research, non-experimental and transversal field design with documentary support, level of descriptive research, the sample of sixty contributors, the questionnaire instrument was used, validated by expert judgment. Results. The buyers surveyed responded that 27% have received invoices for purchases made online, 22% occasionally, 20% almost never, combining these three trends indicates that 68% did not receive invoices for purchases made from those they are part of the RIMPE tax regime, for its part, the informality in electronic commerce in Ecuador can be attributed to several causes, due to the lack of tax culture with 30%, lack of effective regulation 22%, difficulties in supervision 20%, unfair competition 18%; and 10% technological difficulties. Conclusion. The future of electronic commerce in Ecuador is intrinsically linked to its ability to address informality and adopt measures that promote formalization and equity in the market. As the country moves towards this goal, it will be able to fully realize the potential as an engine of economic growth and prosperity in the digital age.

Introduction: Alternative dispute resolution methods have intruded in most of the branches of law and the tax field has not been the exception, so its application is not intended to limit the competence of the judge to hear a dispute, but to complement and make effective its resolution. This research begins by analyzing the regulations in force in Ecuador and how it is developed in the tax scope in relation to the elimination of the criminal presumption established in the determination act, based on the review of bibliographic sources and the internal regulation. The possibility of incurring in intra-procedural tax mediation will be identified, in relation to the criminal types that affect the development regime, and the effectiveness of the ADR, in relation to the compensation of the damage caused to the State. In addition, the perception of foreign regulations will be described, which will serve to guide the application of these procedures. Objective: To analyze the intraprocedural tax mediation as a mechanism that could eliminate the criminal presumption established in the determination act. Methodology: The hypothetical-deductive method was applied, focusing on the approach of a hypothesis related to a vision of application of the object of study, assessing the acceptance or refutation of the process based on the grounds.  Results: It is shown that upon determining the criminal presumption established in the determination act, it may not be eliminated through the intraprocedural mediation process in ordinary proceedings; however, said conflict could be resolved with the conclusion of the transactional act, before the conclusion of the fiscal instruction stage, in certain criminal types that are related to the tax area, considering that there is the possibility in criminal types that do not exceed five years of deprivation of liberty. Conclusions: Intraprocedural tax mediation can be held according to the guidelines established in the internal norm, since, conciliation does not have a specific development, therefore, the guidelines in terms of foreign regulations will be relevant for an adequate development of such procedure.

Introduction: Dyslipidemia defined as an increase in blood lipids (cholesterol and/or triglycerides) is considered one of the main cardiovascular risk factors. Objectives: determine the association between sedentary lifestyle and Dyslipidemia in the workers of the Admiral Illingworth Naval Academy. To identify if there are variations in the mean values ​​of triglycerides and/or serum cholesterol before and after the SARS COV 2 quarantine. It was evidenced that there is an association between dyslipidemia and the level of physical activity with a p value of 0.000, being statistically significant. Methodology: this is a non-experimental, correlational study in that it is proposed that there is a correlation between home isolation and the increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia. Results: variations were evident in terms of the average increase in cholesterol and triglycerides, being 7.79 mg/dl of cholesterol and 30 mg/dl of triglycerides. Furthermore, an association was demonstrated between dyslipidemia and the level of physical activity with a p value less than 0.05, being statistically significant. Conclusions: in the analysis of the variations, it was observed that there was an average increase of 7.79 mg/dl of cholesterol and 30 mg/dl of triglycerides before and after the pandemic, the p value < 0.05 with statistical significance. According to the values, it was determined that there is an association between sedentary lifestyle and dyslipidemia of workers since most of the population studied has a level of mild physical activity. General study area: Occupational health. Specific area of ​​study: Occupational medicine.