Introduction: The topic to be investigated is part of the need to know the legal vacuum that exists of the prescription time to collect the obligation by order for payment procedure. These procedures grant the actor the power to exercise the collection action for a monetary, liquid debt, demandable and expired, as stated in article 356 of the COGEP whenever it does not exceed fifty Unified Basic Salaries. Objective: The objective of this investigation has been to analyze the collection of obligations through payment order procedure to establish the need to correct the legal vacuum that exists regarding the prescription time of these. Methodology: The research is part of a systematic method, as well as the analytical - synthetic and deductive - inductive, the approach used is the qualitative one. Thus, an academic work of a historical descriptive and review documentary type has also been prepared. Results: The evidence that proves a previous relationship between creditor and debtor was analyzed when the document -which is intended to be collected- has been created unilaterally by the creditor. Conclusions: Regarding the collection action, COGEP does not establish any time for the prescription, thus generating a structural vacuum that is unavoidable to correct.

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate an artisanal simulator for training veterinarians in ultrasound-guided puncture in Quito, between July-September 2022. Methodology, there were 5 artisanal simulators developed with different ecotextures such as: pregnant uterus, blood vessels, soft tissue, foreign body inclusions and cysts, these were placed in 500ml white foam containers, in a dark grape-flavored commercial gelatin base, with corn grits in order to simulate different echogenicities and a germidal® antiseptic, they were delivered to five specialized veterinary ultrasonography centers from Quito, Pichincha, Ecuador. The methodology is quantitative, applying a standardized questionnaire with ten closed-type questions, delivered to veterinary sonographers of these centers. The statistical analysis was carried out using measures of central tendency and analyzing the percentages that determined the conclusions. Through the SPSS® program, preparing tables and 3D graphs with the results; proceeding to interpret them generating the conclusions. Results:  First ,60% of those surveyed are willing to use a home simulator, 20% would probably use it and the remaining 20% would not use it because they do not consider it attractive. Second, 40% would prefer to use this simulator over a commercial one, which according to (Pereira da Silva et al., 2015),  it depends on the teaching center and its training needs, Third, 80% do not have simulators, while 100% agree that the use of a simulator improves the learning of ultrasound-guided punctures, considering that training in degree It is not enough to say of 80% of those surveyed, Finally, in the same way, 80% state that the simulator has a good durability of 90 days.  Conclusions: 80% of the imaging doctors concluded that the simulator (phantom) shows acoustic properties like those of animals, allowing training in ultrasonography-guided sampling.

Introduction: considering that the crime and delinquency rate has increased nationally in recent years and that in many forms of attack criminals use narcotic and psychotropic substances to facilitate crime.  Objectives: the incidence of the  use of illegal substances and alcohol for the commission of crimes in the city of Riobamba was investigated with data from the year 2021, Methodology: in the  first instance it was necessary to review information  from the laboratory of the Legal Medicine Service of Chimborazo and a private toxicology laboratory in order to obtain real data from victims of crime whose cases have been  denounced in the pertinent instances. Subsequently, the information was processed to determine which were the main substances used in mobile phones, and which crimes were the most frequent.  Results: the symptomatology of the victims was analyzed as well  as and classified substances used in crimes as psychotropic or narcotic and finally determined the relationship between lethality of victims and substances used in the commission of crimes through the application of data analysis and statistics.  Conclusions: se concluded that marijuana, cocaine, benzodiazepines, barbiturates and alkaloids are the illegal substances most used by criminals and that theft is the main crime for which victims are subjected, the vast majority of victims have episodes of confusion, disorientation, loss of will and balance, are symptoms caused by illegal substances and exploited by crime. The ethyl alcohol present in alcoholic beverages plays a preponderant role in criminal action since it is frequently combined with illegal substances taking advantage of the ability to mask smells and tastes of drugs. Although in the cases analyzed none of the victims has lost their lives due to overdose or toxicity of the substances used, the quantities supplied facilitate the manipulation of the will of the victims. It is recommended to use this research as a tool to contribute to citizen protection and crime prevention since the data determined are due to real cases raised in the city of Riobamba.  Area of general study: forensic sciences.  Specific area of study: toxicology.

Currently, the city of Cuenca is going through a continuous demographic growth that has increased the demand for basic services infrastructure, considering this background it is important to know what indicators engage in wastewater management, considering the importance of caring for rivers. The main objective of this work was: to create sustainable indicators for wastewater management in the city of Cuenca. The study was of an exploratory-descriptive type of exploratory level, with a mixed approach; In the qualitative field, a bibliographic search was carried out, for which both physical and digital libraries and documents of existing scientific literature were used, with emphasis on: Methodological Guide-Emerging and Sustainable Cities Initiative (IDB), ISO 37120 Sustainable development of communities , Sustainable Development Goal 6, LEED v4.1 Cities and communities, BREEAM Communities Technical Manual, Indicators and Official Goals of MDG7; Quantitatively, a mathematical and statistical model was applied for the construction of indicators, which were subjected to expert judgment. For their validity, values ​​greater than 0.70 of acceptance were considered according to international reference levels. The results of the study revealed that the sustainable indicators were percentage of households with home connection to the sewage system that obtained a score of 0.90, percentage of wastewater treated in accordance with national standards with a score of 0.80.

Introduction. Sustainable development within cities in recent years is a matter of total responsibility for those of us who inhabit the planet, construction actors have also joined to propose alternatives based on research on materials used in this activity; without generating a significant impact on the environment and inconvenience or scarcity for future generations. In this project we will apply a descriptive and analytical non-experimental research methodology for the search and selection of appropriate indicators regarding materials with low energy consumption in construction, to finally give way to the formation of a framework for them that can be applied within the city of Cuenca and go according to their reality. Objective. Determine sustainability indicators for materials with low energy consumption in construction that contribute to the sustainability of the city of Cuenca. Methodology. For this, the applied methodology focuses on non-experimental, descriptive, and analytical research; Within it is the search and selection of suitable indicators for the city of Cuenca regarding materials with low energy consumption in construction, this will serve for the knowledge and scope of the proposed objectives, from this the stages that are established are established. They are detailed below: Bibliographic review, consisting of the exploration of each methodological guide and evaluation tools on sustainability indicators for cities; Classification, once the documentation was analyzed, the indicators related to the topic under discussion were obtained; Analysis, which indicators relate to the topic, due to the degree of repetition between the revised guidelines and assessment tools; Homologation, considered as the repetition of indicators in the evaluation guides and tools and finally; Definition, according to expert judgment, the ideal indicators for the evaluation of sustainable construction materials will be defined. Results. With the information collected in this project, a framework of urban sustainability indicators is presented that are related to materials with low energy consumption in construction for the city of Cuenca, these were identified by reviewing the different methodological guides and evaluation tools, taking as a start an international context to take it to local levels. Conclusion. There is no strict definition of the indicators that have to do with materials with low energy consumption in construction; however, it was possible to obtain information that corresponds to sustainable development in this field and area of ​​construction and a framework was created with five indicators that are related to the subject.

Introduction. Around the world there are places that are characterized or identified by their landscapes, among other attributes. However, over the years, certain sectors of the population have shown little interest or knowledge of the importance of landscape for the development of a community, town, or city, as well as the impact that it could have on society if effectively managed. There are many cities that have transformed their economy through tourism, both landscape and heritage, hence the need to maintain the integrity of iconic and emblematic places in the city of Cuenca. Objective. This study establishes the importance of the concept of landscape and its influence on the sustainability of tourism in Cuenca society. Objective. Establish the importance of the concept of landscape and its influence on the sustainability of tourism in Cuenca's society. Methodology. The research is of a documentary and descriptive type, based on a detailed systematic reading of articles, doctoral theses and management manuals published in the last 10 years that allow the establishment of clear concepts on landscape, sustainability, and cultural heritage; after the bibliographic review, surveys and interviews are applied to obtain the perception of the society of Cuenca and the relationship between landscape, cultural heritage and its management. In the case of the interview, it is conducted with experts from different branches or areas of expertise, who have or have had a link and relationship with the subject, from different approaches, which allows us to determine the degree of influence on society. Subsequently, surveys are applied to residents of the Barranco area, an emblematic place in the city. Results. In the first stage, a few 127 bibliographic sources were handled, of which more than 50% present similarity in concepts and terms; as for the experts' judgement, five (5) professionals from different branches were interviewed, whose perception is the existence of limiting regulations, the need for more interdisciplinary work, or simply the non-existence of adequate regulations regarding landscape interventions and heritage management. The results of the surveys show that 90% of the respondents believe that the influence of the landscape focuses on the growth of tourism and therefore economic growth, on the other hand only 10% believe that it improves social welfare and security. Conclusion. The study determines the imperative need for a public policy, together with regulations that allow an orderly territorial planning to preserve the cultural heritage of the city, and that allows a sustainable architectural development of the city, working in an integral and interdisciplinary way with the direct and indirect actors, to maintain and disseminate the preservation of the landscape of Cuenca in a sustainable way.

Introduction: Diabulimia (DB) refers to the disorder of eating behavior that can manifest itself in patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, since they voluntarily omit to inject insulin to lose weight. Therefore, the results of the most recent research on the subject were summarized. Objectives. To review in the literature of the last five years the prevalence, risk factors and psychological therapies associated with BD in adolescents and adults. In addition, the specific objectives were a) to review the scientific literature on the prevalence and psychological therapies of BD in adolescents and adults considering the region, during the last 5 years; and b) to describe the risk factors of BD in adolescents and adults. Methodology. Systematic review of scientific literature obtained from databases such as: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Lilac, and Google Scholar. Results. After the analysis of thirty-two selected articles dealing with DB, an average prevalence of 25.46% was obtained. The most frequent risk factors associated with DB are high Body Mass Index, dissatisfaction with body image, lack of family support, being female and adolescent, presenting elevated levels of body dissatisfaction and lack of social and family support, associated with negative comments about weight. The most reported psychological approach is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and the most effective technique is Psychoeducation, as well as Psychosocial Interventions. Conclusion. In the studies included in this review, the prevalence value is not an exact value due to the scarcity of studies; however, it could be evidenced that Brazil and England are the countries with the greatest number of investigations on the subject; in addition, according to the results of the studies reviewed, the patients in these countries had a high rate of type I diabetes, so that DB is more frequent. The risk factors mentioned in the results section appear to be an important predictor for the development of DB. Regarding psychological interventions for the treatment of BD, it can be concluded that it is necessary to incorporate longitudinal designs that allow research to evaluate the effectiveness of psychological therapies in the treatment of diabulimia, since this type of studies were scarce according to the review conducted. Study: Psychology.

Introduction. Bacterial resistance has increased to a considerable extent when treating infections, and this plays a particularly significant role since it limits the veterinarian when conducting an effective treatment, which is why in these cases the use of antibiograms is essential. Objective. The objective of this study was to identify the bacteria found in samples of pyodermas and their antibiotic sensitivity in dogs that attend a veterinary consultation in the city of Cuenca. Methodology. 60 samples were taken from canine patients who came to a veterinary consultation in the city through a swab of the purulent lesion in patients who have not received antibiotics in the last 3 days, and a culture and antibiogram were performed. Results. from the general population corresponding to 60 canines, two microorganisms were isolated: 6 samples of Staphylococcus aureus representing 10% of the total study, of which Cefovecin sodium and Azithromycin presented 100% sensitivity, 66.67% sensitivity belonging to Levofloxacin, Amoxicillin, Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, Ciprofloxacin, Cefuroxime and Doxycycline; while, with a 33.33% sensitivity we have to Cephalexin and Clindamycin; In the remaining 54 samples, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus was isolated, representing 90% of the study, obtaining a sensitivity of 81.48% for Amoxicillin and amoxicillin + + clavulanic acid, Levofloxacin 79.63%, in third place is Ciprofloxacin and Cefuroxime with a percentage of 77.78 %, followed with 74.07% are Cephalexin and Azithromycin, in the range of 50 and 60% are Cefovecin sodium, Clindamycin and Doxycycline with 64.81, and 59.26% respectively, while antibiotics with the lowest sensitivity were Penicillin and Oxacillin presenting a 7.41 and 0.00% sensitivity respectively. Conclusion. The study did not find bacterial resistance to Cefovecin sodium against Staphylococcus aureus and S. coagulase negative. The antibiotics with the highest percentage of bacterial resistance against Staphylococcus aureus and S. coagulase negative were Penicillin and Oxacillin. Study area. Veterinary.