Introduction: This article is a bibliographic review of the different research works that are related to Gamification techniques for the teaching of mathematics at any level of education that this subject is taught; whether these are basic, high school or higher education. Objective: The objective of this work is to demonstrate theoretically the importance of the implementation of gamification techniques for the learning of mathematics. Methodology: A review of 20 studies related to the topic in the academic Google was carried out between 2016 and 2021, including motivation and gamification as identifiers. Results: Among the most used gamification tools we have those that help to answer questionnaires such as: Kahoot and Thatquiz; those that serve to solve and represent mathematical problems such as: GeoGebra and Matlab; those that serve to turn the classroom into a collaborative game such as: Classcraft and ClassDojo. Discussion: the learning of mathematics through the use of different gamification techniques causes motivation in the learner, regardless of academic level or age, significantly improving learning and therefore the evaluation results, Conclusions: the use of techniques shows that they allow the approach of the topics in a pleasant social context, free of stress and anxiety to learn.

Introduction. This document seeks to define the social and solidarity economy from a local perspective in Ecuador, taking into account the different entities involved in local development. It seeks to identify through a qualitative methodology the governmental and non-governmental institution involved in local development, analyzing the progress they have made in the country and whether their purpose operates within it. Objective. To determine the means used by the social and solidarity economy (SSE) to achieve local development through the mobilization of adequate territorial resources applied in customary practice as a response to current societal problems. Methodology. Through a qualitative methodology, we seek to analyze the application of the social and solidarity economy in the local development of the country, expanding the information regarding cooperatives and their operation, their types and their economic contribution to the local market. Results. Through the analysis of the institutions in charge of the administration of the Popular and Solidarity Economy (EPS) and the training of people within this financial sector, it was possible to identify that, due to the inefficient coordination and control of the organizations financed by it, the social and solidarity economy in the country does not potentiate results in favor of local development, despite being oriented to principles of good living that seek to improve the quality of life of the vulnerable population. Conclusions. The social and solidarity economy, with proper management and control, will contribute exponentially to the country's local development. With a greater social focus, and not merely economic, it could promote the creation of different types of enterprises that would generate greater economic returns in the rural sectors of the country.

Introduction. Animal origin food generates different types of diseases, specifically egg protein is classified as the second most serious food allergen, which predominantly affects children, is for it is necessary to find alternatives. Legumes possess excellent nutritional characteristics and specifically, the wastewater from their cooking stands out as a new type of vegan ingredient called "aquafaba", which possesses emulsifying properties similar to egg white. Objective. The main objective is to find that legume generates aquafaba with the optimal physico-chemical and functional properties to use it as a substitute for egg white. Methodology. In this experimental study, a factorial design with 3 factors was used: legume type, cooking time and, legume-to-water ratio (3 levels) to determine the optimal conditions to maximize functional and physicochemical characteristics (yield, turbidity, proteins, emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity, oil retention capacity, foam stability and, water retention capacity). Results. Functional properties such as emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming ability, and oil retention were maximum in the 2:3 soybean-to-water ratio and a cooking time of 60 min. The longest stability time of the foam was 58 minutes in the 1:2 soybean-to-water ratio with 60 minutes of cooking. The water retention capacity reached the maximum level in the soybean-to-water ratio 1:2 when in cooking time it was 60 minutes. The protein percentage peaked in the 1:2 soybean-to-water ratio with 60 minutes of cooking. The highest yield was reported in the legume-to-water ratio 1:4 and 30 minutes of cooking. The sample with the highest turbidity was obtained in the soybean-to-water ratio when the cooking time was 60 minutes. Conclusion. This research concluded that soybean is the legume that produces aquafaba with the best properties.

Introduction. Reading aloud is a technique that has been used in different settings in order to improve reading comprehension. Objective. This study aimed to understand the impact of reading aloud techniques with college students who took English class as a requirement to continue with their studies to get a college degree. Methodology. They were students who passed the English level A2 and aimed to reach a B1 at the end of the semester. There were 28 students who participated in this study and they had to read texts for a period of seven weeks. The instructor provided a text each week and they had to use an application, record their voice while reading the text within a period of time and send it to receive a feedback. The students` performance was collected and analyzed through the use of a rubric during the whole process. The Wilcoxon test was used to examine the results of the pretest and posttest since there was only one group who participated in the study. At the end, the rubric results were organized and statistically analyzed. Results. The findings showed that there was significant difference after using reading aloud technique in students reading skills development. Conclusions. Reading aloud technique should be used as an strategy to improve reading performance in the English language at a college level.

Introduction: it is well known that technological advances are becoming more frequent, this is evidenced by the development of new applications that generate well-being and well-being in a positive way in the activities that are developed in organizations worldwide, in this context this research focuses As the main objective to develop management tools for administrative processes, the research developed a quantitative and qualitative approach at a descriptive level, as techniques were applied surveys and interviews validated by experts in related areas. The population under study corresponds to the administrative staff of GAD - La Maná and the inhabitants of the same canton. Among the outstanding results it can be mentioned that it was necessary to implement this process management tool since previously it was developed manually, generating loss of resources such as time, money and information, the system has a safe and reliable database that allows reducing response times, replace manual work and generate supporting documents, thanks to the search features, the system provides an efficient measure of storage, distribution by blocks, entering and updating data, consulting and locating all kinds of information, it also has with a user-friendly graphical interface.

Introduction: The incidence of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on the knowledge society has caused important changes, especially in the way of transmitting it and the design of the content, with a great massive and multiplier effect, in such a way that the sense of knowledge has deepened at all social levels, highlighting that the greatest recorded impact has fallen on educational processes, being in school institutions where technology has exerted the greatest influence, as well as in the work of the teacher, coming to form part of traditional teaching processes. Objective: Analyze the impact of the incorporation of virtual learning environments (VLE) to education. Methodology: Through a qualitative methodology based on an extensive bibliographic review, the impact of VLEs on education, the types of technological tools currently available, the many ways of application and the contributions that ICTs have made on educational processes are analyzed. Results: The literature review allows us to deduce that the incorporation of ICT in education through virtual learning environments (VLE) has become a fundamental process that in its conception goes beyond the simple application of technological tools that are part of the educational system, refers to a didactic construction and the way in which significant learning based on technology is built and consolidated, so that in a strictly pedagogical sense we speak of the use of technology in education. Conclusions: Technological tools such as VLEs have increased the level of significance and educational conception by establishing innovative communication models and generating spaces for training, information, debate and reflection, crossing the barriers of traditional educational processes, becoming valuable resources for learning and training of students with elevated levels of personal and professional skills.

Introduction. The use of synthetic plastic has increased in recent years, for food packaging, objects of a different nature among others, which has generated large amounts of waste that end up in the ecosystem generating great impacts on the environment, It is for this reason that this research has been carried out in order to obtain a polymer that has the same applications and that degrades easily. Target. The degradation time of the plastic from the Malaysian banana in the environment was identified. Methodology. The physical chemical and microbiological characterization was carried out, of both the raw material and its starch, obtained through physical separation processes, It is worth mentioning that both for obtaining starch (10.26%R) and biodegradable plastic, the 2k factorial design was used with 4 treatments and 4 repetitions each, subsequently proceeded to the synthesis of biodegradable plastic. Results. It was determined that treatment 3 is the most suitable with 5.88 g of starch and 4.94% of glycerin, keeping the amount of solvent and acetic acid constant, the biodegradable polymer sheets obtained were dried in a tray dryer, same that presented a slightly transparent brown coloration with a thickness of 0.2 mm on average. Conclution. Physical-mechanical tests were carried out, determining that treatment 3 is the most suitable with 45.69% elongation, and 35.32% degradation in 15 days.