Identification of irregular antibodies and their prevalence in transfused patients in the zonal fractionation center of the province of El Oro, 2022-2023

Abstract

Introduction: The identification of Irregular Antibodies (AI) is a vitally important process for any blood sample that requires a transfusion. For this reason, pre-transfusion tests such as ABO, Rh classification and cross-matching are recommended. Objective: To identify the prevalence of AI in transfused patients from the zonal fractionation center of the province of El Oro, 2022-2023. Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, non-experimental, analytical, and cross-sectional study was conducted. For tracking, the ID-card Liss/coombs card with 6 microtubes containing anti-IgG and anti-C3d within the gel and the ID-Diacell I-II-III reagent were used. In addition, the panel of 11 cells and phenotypes of the Rh factor (anti-C, anti-E, anti-c, anti-e, and anti-K) from the same commercial house were used for identification. Results: The prevalent antibody was anti-E with 16 cases (28.6%), having a higher frequency in females (62.5%) and in patients over 45 years of age (21.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of AI in transfused patients from the fractionate center of the province of El Oro is like that reported in other articles. Knowing the AI ​​identification allows for the correct phenotyping of the Rh system in a routine manner and thus decrease the risk of adverse reactions associated with transfusions.