Introduction.  In recent years, it has been shown that the use of beneficial fungi can be a sustainable and effective alternative for the control of moniliasis in cocoa. However, there is still limited knowledge about the interaction between beneficial fungi and edaphoclimatic factors in the management of moniliasis in cocoa. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen this research to develop more effective and sustainable management strategies for the control of this disease. Objective. Conduct a comparative analysis of beneficial fungi in the management of moniliasis in cocoa at an in vitro level.  Methodology.  The research method proposed for the study combined quantitative and qualitative methods. This allowed us to collect numerical and qualitative data to understand both the biological characteristics of beneficial fungi and their behavior on the incidence of moniliasis in cocoa. Results. Several genera of fungi were identified from the sampling conducted in the cocoa cultivation of the Ciudad Universitaria Dr. Jacobo Bucaram Ortiz Milagro campus, the predominant ones being Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Fusarium, among others. These genera are known to be commonly found in tropical agricultural soils. Conclusion. The interaction between climatic factors and the antagonistic action of beneficial fungi on moniliasis is complex and multifactorial in agriculture. It is essential to consider not only the environmental conditions for the development of these fungi, but also factors such as soil type, microbial competition, and agricultural practices.

Introduction: Parkinson's disease is a type of progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a high prevalence and incidence, generating a significant impact on the well-being of the individual who suffers from it. When it occurs between 21 and 50 years of age, it is known as early-onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). represents 10 to 15% of cases. Currently we do not have medication that stops the progress of the disorder, it consists of improving the symptoms while guaranteeing a better quality of life. General objective: Determine the management and therapy of Parkinson's in young adults in a clinical case with the aim of establishing novel and instructive elements of the pathology. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective clinical case study. The technique used to collect case information will be through review of the clinical history and to describe the pathology will be through the compilation of articles extracted from recognized databases such as: Scopus, PorQuest, Pubmed, Web of Science, Lilacs. As inclusion criteria: articles published in the last 5 years, in Spanish and English. The legal ethical process is fulfilled with the signing of the patient's consent. Results: a case is shown of a 45-year-old patient with tremor in her right hand after postoperative complications of a cervical lipoma. Neurological examination confirmed rigidity, bradykinesia, and decreased arm movement in the right extremity, diagnosing Parkinson's disease in stage 2 (Hoehn & Yahr). Magnetic resonance images indicate loss of substantia nigra and hypointensity due to mineral deposits in the midbrain and basal ganglia. Conclusion: The case highlights the complexity of early-onset parkinsonism and the importance of adaptive therapeutic strategies.

Introduction: Epilepsy affects cortical development compromising higher mental functions and is associated with developmental malformations recurrence rate is high, somatic mutations can be detected in about 30% of patients with cortical developmental malformation, in 76% of refractory epilepsies present as pharmacoresistant epilepsies. Objective: to determine the management and therapeutics of cortical developmental disorder and refractory epilepsy in a clinical case, to establish novel and instructive elements of the disease. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective, clinical case study. The technique used for the collection of the case information was by reviewing the clinical history and for the description of the pathology was by collecting articles extracted from recognized databases such as: Scopus, PorQuest, Pubmed, web of science, lilacs. Inclusion criteria: articles published in the last 5 years, in Spanish and English. The legal ethical process is fulfilled with the signature of the assent. Results: Male patient 6 years old, debuts with epileptic characteristic events at 5 years old, is evaluated by a doctor who prescribes Valcote and lamotrigine, however the seizures become refractory, so clobazan (ubadam) is added without improvement, this patient has compromise with cognitive function, As the months go by the patient suffers deterioration of the function, in the magnetic resonance has heterotopias so the patient is catalogued as cortical development disorder and refractory epilepsy, at the moment he is stable without convulsive crisis with medication.  Conclusions: there is a high prevalence of refractory epilepsy in patients with cortical development disorders, its main manifestation is seizures and neurological involvement, the diagnosis includes clinical, imaging studies, electroencephalogram, and genetic detail. More than half of the patients require 2 or more drugs to control seizures. Treatment may require surgical intervention if it does not improve with the usual drugs, and supplemental ketogenic diet is important to limit seizures. Treatment may require surgical intervention if it does not improve with the usual drugs, and supplemental ketogenic diet is important in the treatment.

Introduction: neurofibromatosis comprises three dominant inherited disorders, type I being the most common, relatively frequent, with a prevalence of 1 in 3500, with defining features and diverse manifestations, including a 5-10 times increased risk of cancer, with a cumulative risk of 40% at 50 years of age. Objective: to analyze the management and treatment of neurofibromatosis type 1 in a clinical case to identify educational and innovative elements about the disease. Methodology: descriptive, retrospective, retrospective clinical case study by reviewing clinical history and for the description of the pathology, collection of articles extracted from recognized databases such as: Scopus, Pubmed, Wiley Online Library. Results: A clinical case of a 13-year-old female patient was presented, presenting vertigo, nausea and persistent vomiting. Physical examination revealed cutaneous features of neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) and neurological findings. Laboratory tests were normal. X-ray shows spina bifida at S1-S2, and EEG reveals abnormal activity in the right temporal region. MRI confirms hamartomas in both cerebella and a left temporal arachnoid cyst. Management includes hydration, soft diet and consultation with neurosurgery and pediatric oncology for possible radiological treatment. Conclusion: The importance of a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of this complex genetic disease is emphasized.

Introduction: schizencephaly is a rare condition of the central nervous system that involves an abnormality in the migration of brain cells. It is characterized by incomplete development of the cortex in specific areas where the main fissures of the brain normally form. This results in the appearance of clefts that affect the subarachnoid space on only one side, connecting it with the lateral ventricles, and it is surrounded by gray matter that resembles the folds of the cerebellum. General objective: Examine the medical history of a student who presents schizencephaly, with the objective of determining the appropriate diagnosis and planning the necessary treatment for this condition. Methodology: A retrospective descriptive analysis of a clinical case study was carried out using data collected from medical records. The description of the pathology was based on the compilation of articles obtained from recognized databases such as Scopus, ProQuest, PubMed, Web of Science and LILACS. The inclusion criteria covered articles published in the last five years in Spanish and English. The legal ethical process is fulfilled with the signing of the patient's consent or assent. Results: This study presents the clinical case of a 9-year-old girl with a history of seizures and attention difficulties, diagnosed with schizencephaly, a rare genetic condition that affects neuronal migration in the cerebral cortex. For her diagnosis, magnetic resonance imaging was used as the main imaging method. The therapeutic approach focuses on relieving symptoms in a multidisciplinary manner, including psychological support for the family. Conclusions: The best diagnostic method is images, the most used is magnetic resonance imaging, the treatment is according to the patient's symptoms, with seizures being the most remarkable.

Introduction: The scientific problem addressed in this research focuses on the difficulties students face in visualizing and understanding the geometric properties of quadric surfaces. The use of specialized software for the creation and manipulation of three-dimensional models offers an alternative to enhance visual comprehension and interaction with these concepts. Objectives: This article describes the design and implementation of an educational augmented reality application for the visualization and manipulation of three-dimensional quadric surfaces. Results: A diagnostic survey conducted among students of Mathematical Analysis II at the Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo revealed significant difficulties in visualizing these surfaces, justifying the need for this tool. Using Unity and Blender, six quadric surface models were created: ellipsoid, one-sheet and two-sheet hyperboloid, elliptical cone, elliptic paraboloid, and hyperbolic paraboloid. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, exploratory, and applied design approach was adopted. For the application, an iterative development methodology was used, allowing for adjustments based on user feedback and optimizing the application for Android devices. Conclusions: The application, focused on the visualization of six quadric surfaces, has been designed in a flexible manner, facilitating future expansions to include new geometric elements. General area of study: Mathematics and Engineering. Specific area of study: Mobile Applications with Augmented Reality. Type of study: Original.

Introduction: in immunosuppressed patients, due to the HIV virus, concomitant pathologies with neurological affection are revealed, where the triggering of multifocal motor neuropathy is the case, which has a chronic progressive characteristic. Objective: Develop a clinical approach for the comprehensive management of multifocal motor neuropathy and HIV through the resolution of clinical cases. Methodology: the clinical case study will be carried out retrospectively. Based on the collection of scientific data and contributions related to the topic in databases such as Scielo, Scopus, Pubmed and Cochrane, which have been published in the last 5 years. The patient's informed consent was obtained. Results: The patient, who is 47 years old and comes from a province of Ecuador, has completed his primary education and is a bricklayer. with a pathological history of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) for 7 years, kidney stones that were surgically resolved 3 years ago Conclusion: the patient's resolution was satisfactory in terms of the focal neuropathy in 3 days received during his stay the medication.

Introduction: Regional Innovation Systems (RIS) are relevant as a mechanism to increase the competitiveness of territories. Objective: The present study aims to systematize the scientific production on RIS through the Scopus database. Methodology: A bibliometric analysis of 1555 documents on RIS published between 2000 and 2022 was carried out. Tools such as bibliometrix R-package and VOSviewer were used to identify trends and patterns. Results: It was found that RIS research is led in number of publications by China, the United Kingdom and Spain, and in citations by Sweden. Trippl, Cooke and Isaksen are the most influential authors, and collaborative research predominates, with European institutions leading the way. Conclusion: RIS is a field of growing academic interest; however, scientific activity is concentrated in developed countries, suggesting the need for greater inclusion of less studied regions to take advantage of the potential of these systems.