Obesidad y riesgo cardiovascular: liraglutida y sus beneficios terapéuticos

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic, complex and recurrent disease, considered a risk factor for multiple diseases, including those related to the cardiovascular system; currently these risks have been reduced by the use of liraglutide in the treatment of obese patients, demonstrating a notable decrease in appetite and increase in satiety, therefore, it improves metabolic functions, promotes insulin secretion and decreases gastric emptying; this drug is very well tolerated and highly effective, which justifies its high cost. Objective: To describe the therapeutic benefits in obesity and cardiovascular risk, generating knowledge of the current therapeutic situation of liraglutide. Methodology: A descriptive documentary study was conducted using descriptors to search for relevant literature in databases such as Scopus, Elsevier, and PubMed, both in Spanish and English. The search was conducted through Google Scholar with Boolean operators to refine the results. The bibliographic sources were collected, reviewed, and analyzed, managed with Mendeley, selecting 29 recent and relevant articles on the therapeutic benefits of liraglutide in obesity and cardiovascular risk. Results: Liraglutide is a human GLP-1 analogue with 97% homology, suitable for daily doses in patients with type 2 diabetes. Absorbed slowly, its half-life is approximately 10-14 hours. Its function is to reduce glucose, appetite, and cardiovascular risks. Its metabolism is like native GLP-1, and it is eliminated through the liver and kidneys. Conclusion: Liraglutide as a GLP-1 agonist proved to be effective in reducing body weight and appetite, this was evidenced by studies and meta-analysis, where it was shown to improve metabolic functions in the patient; one of its effects is the general improvement of the glycemic profile, causing a decrease in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases such as HA, T2D and AMI.