Allergen detection in dogs with atopic dermatitis using Prick

Abstract

Introduction: Canine atopic dermatitis (CAD) is one of the most common skin diseases. Its development is associated with the production of IgE-specific antibodies, most commonly directed against environmental and food-based allergens. Objectives: The objective is to establish the most common allergens in dogs clinically diagnosed with atopic dermatitis using the allergy test called Prick Test, it is a useful tool in the diagnosis of a mediated allergy by detecting the triggering allergen. Methodology: The study was carried out in the period August - November at the Zoodoc Veterinary clinic; Metropolis Veterinary; and patients referred from other clinics in the Metropolitan District of Quito, in a population of 20 dogs, data on the clinical history was collected, including the symptoms observed, the duration of the disease and possible triggering factors. 18 allergens were placed on the flank of the depilated patient in the same order for all patients with the positive (histamine) and negative (diluent) controls to observe the reaction. Interpreting the tests after 15 to 20 minutes of application, defining a positive result as a wheal ≥3 mm in diameter. The statistical analysis consisted of determining the frequencies of each allergen for all patients. Results: reflects the distribution of cases in each canine and its proportionality with respect to each allergen. Of the 100% of canines, it was possible to observe 35% that had a response to Insects (30% Pulex irritans (Flea) and 5% Blattodea spp (Cockroach)); 25% of dogs that responded to Mites (Dermatofagoides pteronnysinuy); 20% that responded to Plant Pollen (Grass (Cynodon dactylun)); 20% to Fungi (5% to Food Mold (Mucor spp.), 5% Aspergillius Fuimigatus, 5% Candida spp. and 5% Damp Mold (Hormodendron spp)) and with 5% equivalent to the response of Inhalants (Cat's Wool). Regarding Food, no dog presented a response. Conclusion: All allergens belonging to the groups of insects, mites, fungi and pollens caused reactions in the dogs studied. No relationship was observed between the age of the patients and the allergens tested. General Study Area: Veterinary Medicine. Specific area of ​​study: Canine dermatology. Study type: original.