Literature Review: Importance of the use of the intraosseous route in dogs with hypovolemic shock

Abstract

Introduction: Hypovolemic shock represents a critical medical condition characterized by an acute reduction of circulating blood volume, which can lead to the death of the patient, if it is not addressed quickly in terms of stabilization; in cases of hypovolemic shock in pediatric and obese patients, obtaining vascular access can be complicated, for which the intraosseous route emerges as an effective alternative to administer emergency fluids.  compensating for the losses suffered by the patient. Through this intraosseous access, fluids and drugs can be efficiently administered due to the network of capillaries present in the bone marrow. This has proven to be a safe and reliable route in emergency situations. The purpose of this literature review is to gather up-to-date information on the use and application of the intraosseous route as an alternative to intravenous access in cases of hypovolemic shock when the intravenous route cannot be established in a timely and safe manner. Objective: This bibliographic work aims to explore the use, limitations and possible complications of the intraosseous route in the administration of fluids to canine patients in emergency situations, providing an updated synthesis of the available scientific evidence. Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach and is classified as documentary and literature review. Results: There is evidence to support the efficacy and safety of the intraosseous route in dogs with hypovolemic shock. However, it is crucial to consider the anatomical location, technique, and time required to achieve successful catheter placement. Likewise, possible complications and contraindications should be considered when applying this technique. Conclusion: The intraosseous route is presented as a valuable tool in the management of veterinary emergencies in dogs. However, it is essential to highlight the importance of assessing the patient's specific conditions and clinical circumstances when making decisions regarding its application. Study area: Veterinary Medicine.