Development of spatial intelligence in design students using augmented reality in the creation of three-dimensional objects

Abstract

Introduction. Spatial intelligence is essential in a world where technology and design are accessible to all. Augmented reality, by combining virtual elements with the real environment, facilitates the visualization and understanding of three-dimensional designs. Implemented in the teaching of Technical Drawing, it allows an active and immersive interaction with virtual models, which improves the understanding and manipulation of objects. This tool stimulates the intuitive exploration of designs from different perspectives, facilitating the analysis and evaluation of concepts. Research shows that augmented reality improves understanding and replication of 3D objects. Objective. To enhance the development of spatial intelligence in design students through the implementation of augmented reality in the creation of three-dimensional objects. Methodology. The research focuses on improving the representation of three-dimensional objects in Design and Architecture students. An experimental process was implemented in the classroom to optimize technical drawing. The methodology focused on spatial understanding and proper proportion. Two approaches were compared: a traditional one with printed reference images and another with augmented reality on mobile devices. Time and quality of representation were evaluated. Results were statistically analyzed with Student's t-test in 23 students aged 18-20 years. Results. Augmented reality was shown to improve academic performance in technical drawing. Pre- and post-implementation test results showed a significant increase in mean scores, from 5.52 to 8.37. The median also improved, from 6.70 to 8.30, and the mode increased from 3.30 to 8.30, indicating a generalized improvement. However, the standard deviation increased from 0.35 to 2.21, indicating greater variability in post-implementation results. Although some students benefited more than others, overall, augmented reality proved effective in improving academic performance in technical drawing. Conclusion. Augmented reality has revolutionized technical drawing, impacting both education and industry. It facilitates three-dimensional visualization, improves the accuracy and interpretation of designs, and favors the integration between the digital and the physical. Students who use it achieve more detailed and accurate representations, improving their academic performance. In addition, its interactivity and 3D visualization facilitate the understanding of technical concepts. In projects, it helps ensure that the design fits the needs of the project, reducing costs and rework. In short, augmented reality is essential to drive innovation and excellence in engineering and design. General area of study: Education in Design. Specific Area of Study: Technical Drawing.