Prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy: a systematic review

Abstract

Introduction. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a transient form of diabetes (glucose intolerance) that appears or is first recognized during pregnancy. Objective. To determine the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes mellitus in pregnancy. Methodology. The systematic review was performed with bibliographic data, based on the PRISMA method, for this purpose, information was consulted in databases such as Web of Science, Pubmed and Scopus, choosing publications in Spanish and English language from the last 5 years from 2017-2021. Results. The prevalence of gestational diabetes in the 17 studies analyzed was 16.6%, therefore the development of GDM is directly related to factors such as history of GDM, advanced maternal age, increased parity, high body mass index (BMI) and medical history along with the level of education of the woman. Conclusion. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy, its prevalence is increasing, correlates with several common psychosocial, biological factors and is associated with poor maternal, fetal, and neonatal outcomes.