Design of an industrial process to obtain ecological paper from cattle manure in the Dureno parish of the Lago Agrio canton

Abstract

Introduction. Faced with the existing problems of contamination and the lack of an adequate provision for the management of cattle manure in the sector, it is intended to conduct an adequate management of waste by proposing a technological, innovative, and ecological alternative using manure as a source of fiber. for paper making. Goal. Design an industrial process to obtain ecological paper using cattle manure as raw material in the Dureno parish of the Lago Agrio canton. Methodology. The project is of a technical nature in which inductive, deductive, and experimental research methods were used, based on bibliographical research, and acquired knowledge to arrive at a correct design of the plant and obtain paper at the laboratory level. The paper manufacturing process begins with sterilization and the concentrations of sodium hydroxide varied between 10, 15 and 20% in relation to the input flow of 0.258kg of manure at 150°C with a variation of exposure time of 3h, 4h, and 5h; The extracted pulp was bleached with 10% sodium hypochlorite in a 2:1 ratio with respect to the volume of water used at a temperature of 65°C for 45 minutes. Once the sheet of paper was formed, it was pressed to remove excess water at 441kPa in two sections, the first for 5 minutes and the second for 2 minutes and left to dry for 72 hours at room temperature in the absence of light, Results. When applying the method of pulping with caustic soda at 10%, a yield of 69.82% was obtained, with a flexibility coefficient of 0.67 μm and a Runkel factor of 0.48 μm. The preparation of the paper sheets was conducted according to the procedure of the Tappi T205 standard. sp-02. The sheets have the characteristics of thickness 0.11mm, width 15.00mm, breaking length 180mm, maximum load 89.27mm, breaking strength 5.95kN/m, elongation at break 3.32%. Conclusions. The bromatological and microbiological analyzes determined that the raw material contains a good source of cellulose and the bacterial load is zero, obtaining an innocuous product, with excellent paper characteristics to adhere from fiber to fiber due to the wide contact surface that it possesses, in addition, compliance with the parameters established by the NTE INEN standard for paper and cardboard, which validated the process.