Reforms in educational policies and their influence to access to Higher Education

Abstract

Introduction: The central issue lies in the tension between the growing demand for higher education and the system's limited capacity to accommodate all applicants, despite efforts to expand academic offerings. In Ecuador, the requirements for accessing higher education have undergone various changes in policies, laws, and regulations, particularly since the approval of the 2008 Constitution. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze how these changes have influenced access to universities and polytechnic schools in Ecuador. Methodology: This research follows a qualitative, documentary-based approach, grounded in a systematic review of higher education regulations in Ecuador between 2012 and 2022. Results: The analysis of higher education policies in Ecuador from 2012 to 2022 reveals a period of significant transformation, marked by progress, setbacks, and ongoing adjustments. In the initial years, there was a strong push toward democratizing access and improving quality. Centralized entrance exams were implemented, flagship universities were established, and investment in research within public institutions was prioritized. However, by the end of the period, notable shifts emerged: admission processes were relaxed, funding schemes were modified, and quality control mechanisms were restructured. These developments reflect a continuous effort to balance expanded access with the preservation of academic excellence. Conclusions: Access to higher education in Ecuador has been characterized by significant progress, yet persistent limitations remain. Despite efforts to enhance quality and promote inclusivity, substantial challenges still exist—particularly regarding infrastructure, territorial equity, policy communication, and the assurance of genuine opportunities for all sectors of society. General Study Area: Education. Specific Study Area: Education. Type of Study: Original Articles