Análisis comparativo de hongos benéficos en el manejo de moniliasis (Moniliophthora roreri) en cacao (Theobroma cacao l.) a nivel in vitro

Abstract

Introduction.  In recent years, it has been shown that the use of beneficial fungi can be a sustainable and effective alternative for the control of moniliasis in cocoa. However, there is still limited knowledge about the interaction between beneficial fungi and edaphoclimatic factors in the management of moniliasis in cocoa. Therefore, it is necessary to deepen this research to develop more effective and sustainable management strategies for the control of this disease. Objective. Conduct a comparative analysis of beneficial fungi in the management of moniliasis in cocoa at an in vitro level.  Methodology.  The research method proposed for the study combined quantitative and qualitative methods. This allowed us to collect numerical and qualitative data to understand both the biological characteristics of beneficial fungi and their behavior on the incidence of moniliasis in cocoa. Results. Several genera of fungi were identified from the sampling conducted in the cocoa cultivation of the Ciudad Universitaria Dr. Jacobo Bucaram Ortiz Milagro campus, the predominant ones being Aspergillus, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Fusarium, among others. These genera are known to be commonly found in tropical agricultural soils. Conclusion. The interaction between climatic factors and the antagonistic action of beneficial fungi on moniliasis is complex and multifactorial in agriculture. It is essential to consider not only the environmental conditions for the development of these fungi, but also factors such as soil type, microbial competition, and agricultural practices.